HESI LPN
Community Health HESI Exam
1. In planning the use of resources for secondary prevention in a community clinic serving migrant families, which activity should be the priority?
- A. Skin testing for tuberculosis.
- B. Glucose monitoring for diabetes.
- C. Blood work for cardiovascular disease.
- D. Height and weight for altered nutrition.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Skin testing for tuberculosis. In a community clinic serving migrant families, tuberculosis is a significant health concern due to close living conditions and potential exposure during migration. Skin testing for tuberculosis is crucial for secondary prevention as it helps in early detection and prevention of the spread of the disease within the community. Choices B, C, and D are important health screenings but may not be the priority in this specific population where tuberculosis poses a higher risk.
2. A parent tells a nurse at the clinic, 'Each morning I offer my 24-month-old child juice, and all I hear is ‘No.’ What should I do because I know my child needs fluid?' What strategy should the nurse suggest?
- A. Offer the child a choice of two juices.
- B. Distract the child with a favorite food.
- C. Offer the child the glass in a firm manner.
- D. Allow the child to see the parent getting angry.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Offering a choice between two options allows the child to feel a sense of control while ensuring they get the necessary fluids. Providing a choice empowers the child and increases the likelihood of cooperation. Distracting the child with food or offering the glass in a firm manner may not address the underlying issue of refusal. Allowing the child to witness the parent's anger can create a negative environment and may not help in resolving the situation positively.
3. A client, who is on a 30-day commitment to a drug rehabilitation unit, asks the nurse if he can go for a walk on the grounds of the treatment center. When he is told that his privileges do not include walking on the grounds, the client becomes verbally abusive. Which approach will the nurse take?
- A. Call a staff member to escort the client to his room.
- B. Tell the client to talk to his healthcare provider about his privileges.
- C. Remind the client of the unit rules.
- D. Ignore the client's inappropriate behavior.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: (C) is the correct approach in this situation as it reinforces unit rules, setting clear boundaries and expectations. By reminding the client of the unit rules, the nurse is helping to maintain a safe and structured environment within the drug rehabilitation unit. (A) is unnecessary since the client's behavior does not warrant immediate physical intervention. (B) is not ideal because the client's privileges have already been explained, and suggesting he speak to his healthcare provider may not address the immediate issue. (D) is not appropriate as addressing inappropriate behavior is essential in a therapeutic setting.
4. What would be important for the nurse to include when teaching an adolescent about tinea pedis?
- A. Keep your feet moist and exposed to the air as much as possible.
- B. Dry the area between your toes thoroughly.
- C. Wear nylon or synthetic socks every day.
- D. Walk barefoot in the school locker room.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Dry the area between your toes thoroughly.' When educating an adolescent about tinea pedis, emphasis should be placed on keeping the feet dry, especially between the toes, to minimize the risk of fungal infection. Choice A is incorrect as keeping the feet moist can exacerbate the condition. Choice C is incorrect because nylon or synthetic socks can trap moisture, promoting fungal growth. Choice D is incorrect as walking barefoot in locker rooms increases the risk of contracting tinea pedis from contaminated surfaces.
5. In a case where a limb is protruding from a mother's vagina during active labor, how should this condition be managed?
- A. Positioning the mother in a semi-Fowler's position, administering oxygen, and providing transport
- B. Positioning the mother in a head-down position with her hips elevated, administering oxygen, and providing transport
- C. Applying gentle traction to the protruding limb to remove pressure of the fetus from the umbilical cord
- D. Giving the mother 100% oxygen and attempting to manipulate the protruding limb so that delivery can occur
Correct answer: B
Rationale: When a limb is protruding from the vagina during active labor, the appropriate management includes positioning the mother in a head-down position with her hips elevated. This position helps relieve pressure on the umbilical cord, reducing the risk of compromising fetal blood flow and oxygenation. Administering oxygen is essential to maintain oxygenation levels for both the mother and the fetus. Providing transport to a healthcare facility equipped to manage this obstetric emergency is crucial for ensuring a safe delivery. Choice A is incorrect because a semi-Fowler's position does not effectively relieve pressure on the umbilical cord. Choice C is incorrect as applying traction to the protruding limb can lead to injury or complications for both the mother and the fetus. Choice D is incorrect because attempting to manipulate the limb without proper positioning and preparation can worsen the situation and increase risks during delivery.