HESI LPN
Pediatric Practice Exam HESI
1. The caregiver is teaching the mother of a toddler about burn prevention. Which response by the mother indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. We will leave fireworks displays to the professionals.
- B. I will set our water heater at 130 degrees.
- C. All sleepwear should be flame retardant.
- D. The handles of pots on the stove should face inward.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Setting the water heater at 130 degrees can lead to scald burns. The recommended temperature setting for water heaters is no higher than 120 degrees to prevent burns. Choice A is correct as it shows awareness of the risks of fireworks. Choice C is correct as flame-retardant sleepwear can help prevent burns. Choice D is correct as inward-facing pot handles prevent accidental spills and burns. Option B is incorrect due to the unsafe water heater temperature setting.
2. When describing urticaria, what would an instructor include?
- A. It is a type IV hypersensitivity reaction.
- B. Histamine release leads to vasodilation.
- C. Wheals appear first followed by erythema.
- D. The nonpruritic rash blanches with pressure.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Urticaria is a type I hypersensitivity reaction where histamine release leads to vasodilation and the formation of characteristic wheals. Choice A is incorrect as urticaria is associated with type I hypersensitivity, not type IV. Choice C is incorrect because in urticaria, erythema typically appears before the development of wheals. Choice D is incorrect as urticaria is typically pruritic and does not blanch with pressure.
3. A 3-year-old child is being discharged after being treated for dehydration. What should be included in the discharge teaching?
- A. Monitor for signs of infection
- B. Monitor for signs of dehydration
- C. Monitor for signs of hypovolemia
- D. Monitor for signs of malnutrition
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to monitor for signs of dehydration. After treatment for dehydration, it is crucial to educate caregivers about recognizing early signs of dehydration to prevent its recurrence. Monitoring for dehydration ensures that appropriate measures can be taken promptly if signs reappear. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because infection, hypovolemia, and malnutrition, while important considerations in healthcare, are not the primary focus after treating dehydration in a 3-year-old child.
4. What should the nurse suggest to a parent asking for help with a child experiencing night terrors?
- A. Encourage the child to talk about the night terrors.
- B. Establish a bedtime routine.
- C. Allow the child to sleep with the parents.
- D. Wake the child during the night.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Establishing a bedtime routine is the most appropriate suggestion for a parent seeking help with a child experiencing night terrors. Bedtime routines can create a sense of security and predictability for the child, potentially reducing the frequency of night terrors. Encouraging the child to talk about the night terrors (Choice A) may not be effective during the episode as the child is usually not fully awake. Allowing the child to sleep with the parents (Choice C) may inadvertently reinforce the behavior and hinder the child’s ability to learn to self-soothe. Waking the child during the night (Choice D) may disrupt the sleep cycle and exacerbate the night terrors.
5. What is the most important intervention for a nurse to implement for a child with sickle cell anemia admitted to the hospital during a vaso-occlusive crisis?
- A. Administering oxygen
- B. Ensuring adequate hydration
- C. Monitoring vital signs
- D. Administering pain medication
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Ensuring adequate hydration is crucial during a vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle cell anemia as it helps to reduce the viscosity of the blood and prevent further sickling of the cells. While administering oxygen may be necessary in some cases, ensuring hydration takes precedence as it directly impacts the underlying pathophysiology of the crisis. Monitoring vital signs is important for ongoing assessment but does not directly address the crisis as hydration does. Administering pain medication is important for pain relief but does not address the primary issue of vaso-occlusion and is not the most crucial intervention in this scenario.
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