HESI LPN
HESI Fundamental Practice Exam
1. The healthcare provider is preparing to administer a subcutaneous injection of heparin. Which site is most appropriate for the healthcare provider to use?
- A. Deltoid muscle
- B. Ventrogluteal site
- C. Abdomen
- D. Dorsogluteal site
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The abdomen is the most appropriate site for administering subcutaneous heparin injections. The abdomen has a layer of subcutaneous fat and a good blood supply, making it an ideal site for subcutaneous injections. Using the deltoid muscle for heparin injections is not appropriate as it is typically used for intramuscular injections. The ventrogluteal site is more suitable for intramuscular injections rather than subcutaneous injections. The dorsogluteal site is no longer recommended for injections due to the risk of injury to the sciatic nerve.
2. Which intervention should the nurse include in the plan of care for a client who has a chest tube due to hemothorax?
- A. Keep the arm and shoulder of the affected side immobile at all times.
- B. Encourage the client to breathe deeply and cough at frequent intervals.
- C. Maintain the pleura vac slightly above the chest level.
- D. Ensure there is no fluctuation in the water seal.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Encouraging deep breathing and coughing is vital for a client with a chest tube due to hemothorax as it helps prevent atelectasis and promotes lung expansion. Keeping the arm and shoulder immobile (Choice A) is not necessary for chest tube management. Maintaining the pleura vac slightly above the chest level (Choice C) is incorrect as the pleura vac should be kept below the chest level to facilitate drainage. Ensuring no fluctuation in the water seal (Choice D) is important, but it is not the priority intervention when compared to promoting lung expansion through deep breathing and coughing.
3. When preparing to lift and reposition a patient, which action should the nurse take first?
- A. Assess weight to determine assistance needs.
- B. Position a drawsheet under the patient.
- C. Delegate the task to a nursing assistive personnel.
- D. Attempt to manually lift the patient alone before asking for assistance.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The first action the nurse should take when preparing to lift and reposition a patient is to assess the patient's weight to determine the assistance needed. This step is crucial for the safety of both the patient and the nurse. Positioning a drawsheet under the patient (Choice B) is important for the comfort and safety during the repositioning process but should come after assessing the weight and assistance requirements. Delegating the task to a nursing assistive personnel (Choice C) can be considered once the assessment is complete and additional help is needed. Attempting to manually lift the patient alone before asking for assistance (Choice D) is unsafe and should never be done without first assessing the weight and determining the need for help.
4. A client with cirrhosis is experiencing pruritus. Which intervention should the nurse include in the care plan?
- A. Administer antihistamines as prescribed
- B. Apply alcohol-based lotions to the skin
- C. Encourage frequent baths with hot water
- D. Limit fluid intake
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer antihistamines as prescribed. Pruritus, or itching, is a common symptom in clients with cirrhosis. Antihistamines can help relieve itching by blocking the effects of histamine. Applying alcohol-based lotions (choice B) can further dry out the skin and exacerbate itching. Encouraging frequent baths with hot water (choice C) can also worsen pruritus by stripping the skin of natural oils. Limiting fluid intake (choice D) is not directly related to managing pruritus in cirrhosis.
5. A 2-year-old child with a diagnosis of atopic dermatitis is being discharged. What should the nurse include in the discharge teaching?
- A. Avoid triggers that cause flare-ups
- B. Apply topical corticosteroids as prescribed
- C. Use a soft toothbrush for oral care
- D. Avoid contact with sick individuals
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to apply topical corticosteroids as prescribed. Atopic dermatitis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that can be managed with topical corticosteroids to reduce inflammation and itching. While avoiding triggers that cause flare-ups is important in managing atopic dermatitis, the primary treatment approach involves using prescribed medications like corticosteroids. Using a soft toothbrush for oral care and avoiding contact with sick individuals are not directly related to managing atopic dermatitis and are not the priority discharge teachings in this case.