HESI LPN
Adult Health 1 Final Exam
1. The nurse is preparing to administer a subcutaneous injection of heparin. What is the correct angle of insertion?
- A. 15 degrees
- B. 30 degrees
- C. 45 degrees
- D. 90 degrees
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct angle of insertion for a subcutaneous injection, such as heparin, is 45 degrees. This angle is appropriate as it helps to ensure proper delivery of the medication into the subcutaneous tissue. Option A (15 degrees) is too shallow for a subcutaneous injection and may result in the medication being deposited into the muscle. Option B (30 degrees) is also too shallow for subcutaneous injections. Option D (90 degrees) is used for intramuscular injections, not subcutaneous injections.
2. Which of the following findings would indicate altered mental status in a small child?
- A. Recognition of the parents
- B. Fright at the EMT-B's presence
- C. Lack of attention to the EMT-B's presence
- D. Consistent eye contact with the EMT-B
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In small children, altered mental status can manifest as a lack of attention to the presence of unfamiliar individuals, such as the EMT-B. This lack of engagement may indicate confusion, disorientation, or impaired cognitive function. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect as recognizing parents, exhibiting fear, or maintaining consistent eye contact do not necessarily indicate altered mental status. Recognizing parents is a normal response, fear can be a typical reaction to unfamiliar situations, and making eye contact may be a sign of curiosity or comfort rather than a reflection of mental status.
3. What is the aim of the Magna Carta of Public Health Workers?
- A. Develop skills and capabilities of health workers to deliver health projects/programs
- B. All of these
- C. Encourage those with proper qualifications to remain in government service
- D. Promote social and economic well-being of health workers
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B - 'All of these.' The Magna Carta of Public Health Workers aims to achieve multiple objectives, including developing the skills and capabilities of health workers to deliver health projects/programs, encouraging those with proper qualifications to remain in government service, and promoting the social and economic well-being of health workers. Choice A, C, and D are all part of the comprehensive goals outlined in the Magna Carta for Public Health Workers.
4. A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is using a metered-dose inhaler (MDI). What technique should the nurse emphasize?
- A. The importance of using a spacer
- B. How to synchronize breaths with inhaler activation
- C. Regular cleaning of the inhaler
- D. All of the above
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In managing COPD with a metered-dose inhaler (MDI), the nurse should emphasize all of the techniques mentioned. Using a spacer can help improve drug delivery and reduce the risk of oral thrush. Synchronizing breaths with inhaler activation ensures proper medication delivery to the lungs. Regular cleaning of the inhaler prevents blockages and ensures optimal functioning. Therefore, all these techniques are important for effective COPD management, making 'All of the above' the correct answer. Choices A, B, and C are all crucial components of proper MDI technique in COPD, so they are not individually sufficient without the others.
5. While observing a student nurse administering a narcotic analgesic IM injection without aspirating, what should the nurse do?
- A. Ask the student, 'What did you forget to do?'
- B. Stop and explain why aspiration is needed.
- C. Quietly state, 'You forgot to aspirate.'
- D. Walk up and whisper in the student's ear, 'Stop. Aspirate. Then inject.'
Correct answer: D
Rationale: When the nurse observes a student nurse making a mistake during a procedure, such as not aspirating before administering a medication, the nurse should provide immediate, discreet feedback to correct the error. Walking up and whispering in the student's ear to stop, aspirate, and then inject is appropriate as it corrects the mistake while maintaining the student's dignity and confidence. Option A is not as effective as it indirectly addresses the issue. Option B is not the best approach as the student needs immediate correction. Option C is not ideal as loudly stating the mistake may embarrass the student and is not necessary for a discreet correction.