HESI LPN
CAT Exam Practice
1. The nurse is planning care for a family whose children did not receive childhood immunizations. After one of the children contracted mumps, the father is diagnosed with orchitis. Which intervention should be included in the father's plan of care?
- A. Use of bedrest with scrotal support
- B. Administration of antibiotics for 10 days
- C. Applying heat to promote the healing process
- D. Using an ice pack to reduce scrotal pain
Correct answer: A
Rationale: For orchitis, the recommended intervention is bedrest with scrotal support. This helps reduce swelling and discomfort in the scrotum. Antibiotics are generally not required for viral orchitis, so administering antibiotics for 10 days (Choice B) is not indicated. Applying heat (Choice C) may worsen swelling and should be avoided. Using an ice pack (Choice D) is not the preferred method for managing orchitis; it may not be as effective as providing support and rest for the scrotum.
2. Food energy is commonly expressed in kilocalories and in what other unit?
- A. kilojoules
- B. kilograms
- C. kilometers
- D. kilonewtons
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Food energy is commonly expressed in kilocalories and kilojoules. Kilocalories and kilojoules are both units of energy commonly used to measure the energy content of food. Kilograms, kilometers, and kilonewtons are units of mass, distance, and force, respectively, and are not used to express food energy.
3. Local health boards were established at the provincial, city, and municipal levels. At the municipal level, the chairman of the board is the:
- A. rural health physician
- B. public health nurse
- C. municipal mayor
- D. chairman of the committee on health
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, the municipal mayor. In the local health board structure, the municipal mayor chairs the board at the municipal level, overseeing health-related matters in that specific locality. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because while a rural health physician or a public health nurse may be involved in health-related activities, they do not serve as the chairman of the board at the municipal level. Similarly, the chairman of the committee on health may have a role in health matters, but the municipal mayor holds the position of chairman of the local health board at the municipal level.
4. Which nutrient source yields more than 4 kcalories per gram?
- A. plant fats
- B. plant proteins
- C. animal proteins
- D. plant carbohydrates
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is plant fats (Choice A). Fats, including plant fats, provide 9 kcalories per gram, which is more than 4 kcalories. Plant proteins (Choice B) and animal proteins (Choice C) provide 4 kcalories per gram. Plant carbohydrates (Choice D) also provide 4 kcalories per gram. Therefore, Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not yield more than 4 kcalories per gram.
5. A healthcare professional is collecting a urine specimen for a client to test via urine dipstick to determine the urine's specific gravity. The healthcare professional knows the result will indicate the amount of:
- A. Solutes in the urine
- B. Bacteria in the urine
- C. pH level of the urine
- D. Glucose in the urine
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Specific gravity measures the concentration of solutes in the urine, reflecting the kidney's ability to concentrate or dilute urine. Choice B, bacteria in the urine, is incorrect because specific gravity does not measure bacterial presence. Choice C, pH level of the urine, is incorrect as it refers to the acidity or alkalinity of the urine, not its specific gravity. Choice D, glucose in the urine, is incorrect as specific gravity does not directly measure glucose levels in urine.