Nursing Elites

1. The nurse is caring for a 5-year-old child who has the left leg in skeletal traction. Which of the following activities would be an appropriate diversional activity?

• A. Kicking balloons with the right leg
• B. Playing 'Simon Says'
• C. Playing handheld games
• D. Throwing bean bags

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Playing handheld games is an appropriate diversional activity for a child in skeletal traction because it does not require physical movement of the affected limb. This activity can help keep the child entertained and engaged without risking any harm to the tractioned leg. Choices A, B, and D involve physical movements that could potentially interfere with the skeletal traction or cause discomfort to the child.

2. In reviewing the assessment data of a client suspected of having diabetes insipidus, the nurse expects which of the following after a water deprivation test?

• A. Increased edema and weight gain
• B. Unchanged urine specific gravity
• C. Rapid protein excretion
• D. Decreased blood potassium

Correct answer: B

Rationale: After a water deprivation test in a client suspected of having diabetes insipidus, the nurse would expect the urine specific gravity to remain unchanged. This occurs because in diabetes insipidus, the kidneys are unable to concentrate urine, leading to a low urine specific gravity even after water deprivation. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Increased edema and weight gain are not typical findings in diabetes insipidus. Rapid protein excretion is not directly related to the condition, and decreased blood potassium is not a common outcome of a water deprivation test for diabetes insipidus.

3. A client was admitted with a diagnosis of pneumonia. When auscultating the client's breath sounds, the nurse hears inspiratory crackles in the right base. Temperature is 102.3 degrees Fahrenheit orally. What finding would the nurse expect?

• A. Flushed skin
• B. Bradycardia
• C. Mental confusion
• D. Hypotension

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Mental confusion. In this scenario, the client's high fever and pneumonia diagnosis indicate an infection. Infections, especially in older adults, can lead to mental confusion due to the body's systemic response to the infection. Flushed skin (choice A) is more commonly associated with fever but does not specifically relate to the client's condition. Bradycardia (choice B) and hypotension (choice D) are less likely findings in a client with pneumonia and a high fever; instead, tachycardia and increased blood pressure are more commonly seen in response to infection.

4. What is the measure of the number of new cases of a disease in a specific population during a certain time period called?

• A. Prevalence
• B. Incidence
• C. Mortality rate
• D. Morbidity rate

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Incidence. Incidence refers to the number of new cases of a disease in a specific population during a certain time period. Prevalence (choice A) refers to the total number of cases of a disease in a population at a specific point in time. Mortality rate (choice C) is the measure of the number of deaths in a particular population due to a specific cause. Morbidity rate (choice D) is a broader term that encompasses the incidence and prevalence of a disease in a population.

5. Which of the following statements about breastfeeding is correct?

• A. Breastfeeding within 30 minutes after birth can stimulate breastmilk production
• B. Breastmilk should be started 24 hours after delivery
• C. Breastmilk given exclusively for the first 4 to 6 months of life helps avoid introduction of infection
• D. Breastfeeding should be done as often as the baby wants

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct statement about breastfeeding is that breastmilk given exclusively for the first 4 to 6 months of life helps avoid the introduction of infection. This practice is recommended by health experts for optimal infant health. Choice A is incorrect because breastfeeding should ideally start within the first hour after birth to stimulate breastmilk production. Choice B is incorrect because breastmilk should be initiated as soon as possible after delivery, not after 24 hours. Choice D is incorrect because while feeding on demand is generally encouraged, it should also follow a schedule to ensure adequate nutrition and growth for the baby.

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