Nursing Elites

1. When caring for a 2-year-old girl who is wheezing and has difficulty breathing, which interview question would provide the most useful information related to the symptoms of the child?

• A. Inquiring about child safety in the home
• B. Asking about the temperament of the child
• C. Asking about the child's diet
• D. Asking the parents if they smoke in the home

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Asking the parents if they smoke in the home is the most relevant question as exposure to secondhand smoke can exacerbate respiratory symptoms like wheezing and difficulty breathing in children. Smoking indoors can worsen the child's condition and is crucial information for the healthcare provider to assess and address. Inquiring about child safety in the home, asking about the child's temperament, and questioning the child's diet are important aspects of care but are not directly linked to the immediate respiratory symptoms the child is experiencing.

2. A child with a diagnosis of sickle cell anemia is experiencing a vaso-occlusive crisis. What is the most important nursing intervention?

• A. Administering oxygen
• B. Administering pain medication
• C. Monitoring fluid intake
• D. Encouraging physical activity

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Administering pain medication is the most crucial nursing intervention during a vaso-occlusive crisis in sickle cell anemia. Pain management is a priority to alleviate the patient's discomfort and improve outcomes. Administering oxygen may be necessary in some cases but is not the primary intervention for vaso-occlusive crisis. Monitoring fluid intake is important in sickle cell anemia but is not the priority during a crisis situation. Encouraging physical activity is contraindicated during a vaso-occlusive crisis as it can exacerbate pain and complications.

3. An infant who had cardiac surgery for a congenital defect is to be discharged. What should the nurse emphasize to the parents regarding administering the prescribed antibiotic?

• A. Give the antibiotic between feedings.
• B. Ensure that the antibiotic is administered as prescribed.
• C. Shake the bottle thoroughly before giving the antibiotic.
• D. Keep the antibiotic in the refrigerator after the bottle has been opened.

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: 'Ensure that the antibiotic is administered as prescribed.' It is crucial for the parents to follow the prescribed antibiotic regimen to prevent infections and promote proper healing following cardiac surgery. Option A is incorrect because the timing of antibiotic administration may vary depending on the specific medication and instructions. Option C is not necessary and could potentially affect the antibiotic's effectiveness. Option D is not relevant to the administration of the antibiotic and does not ensure proper usage.

4. A child with a diagnosis of hemophilia is admitted to the hospital with a bleeding episode. What is the priority nursing intervention?

• A. Administering pain medication
• B. Monitoring for signs of infection
• C. Administering factor VIII
• D. Ensuring a safe environment

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The priority nursing intervention for a child with hemophilia experiencing a bleeding episode is administering factor VIII. Hemophilia is a genetic disorder characterized by a deficiency in clotting factors, such as factor VIII. Administering factor VIII replacement therapy is crucial to stop or control bleeding in individuals with hemophilia. Options A, B, and D are important aspects of patient care but do not take precedence over addressing the underlying cause of the bleeding in a child with hemophilia, which is the deficiency of factor VIII.

5. After a cardiac catheterization, what is the priority nursing care for a 3-year-old child?

• A. Encouraging early ambulation
• B. Monitoring the site for bleeding
• C. Restricting fluids until the blood pressure is stabilized
• D. Comparing the blood pressure of both lower extremities

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The priority nursing care after a cardiac catheterization in a 3-year-old is to monitor the site for bleeding. This is essential to promptly detect and manage any potential complications, such as hematoma or hemorrhage. Encouraging early ambulation, as mentioned in choice A, may not be safe immediately post-procedure and should be guided by the healthcare provider's instructions. Restricting fluids until blood pressure is stabilized, as in choice C, is not typically necessary after a cardiac catheterization. Comparing blood pressure in both lower extremities, as in choice D, is not the priority immediate nursing care following this procedure.

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