HESI LPN
Pediatric HESI 2023
1. What should the nurse suggest to a parent asking for advice on managing their child's earache and fever?
- A. Applying a warm compress to the affected ear
- B. Giving the child a cold drink
- C. Administering acetaminophen
- D. Taking the child to the emergency department
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to suggest applying a warm compress to the affected ear. This can help alleviate pain and discomfort associated with the earache. Giving a cold drink (Choice B) may not address the underlying issue and is not a recommended treatment for earaches. Administering acetaminophen (Choice C) can help reduce fever but may not directly target the earache. Taking the child to the emergency department (Choice D) is usually not necessary for a common earache unless there are severe symptoms or complications present.
2. What is one benefit of using controls in an experiment?
- A. The size of the groups does not matter.
- B. The subjects are unaware of the experiment's details.
- C. The subjects who are treated are balanced against the placebos.
- D. The subjects are similar in all respects except for the treatment being tested.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Controls in an experiment ensure that the subjects are similar in all respects except for the treatment being tested. This allows for a fair comparison between the treatment group and the control group. Choice A is incorrect because the size of the groups is not the primary benefit of using controls. Choice B is incorrect as blinding, not controls, refers to subjects not knowing about the experiment. Choice C is incorrect as it pertains more to randomization than the use of controls.
3. What finding would the nurse expect to assess in a child with hypothyroidism?
- A. Nervousness
- B. Heat intolerance
- C. Smooth velvety skin
- D. Weight gain
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In a child with hypothyroidism, weight gain is a typical finding due to the slowed metabolism associated with the condition. This occurs because thyroid hormone levels are insufficient to regulate metabolism effectively. Choices A, B, and C are not typically associated with hypothyroidism. Nervousness is more commonly seen in conditions like hyperthyroidism, where there is an excess of thyroid hormones. Heat intolerance may be seen in hyperthyroidism as well, where the body's metabolism is increased. Smooth velvety skin is a characteristic finding in conditions like Cushing's syndrome, where there is excess cortisol production.
4. A 23-year-old single client is in the 33rd week of her first pregnancy. She tells the nurse that she has everything ready for the baby and has made plans for the first weeks together at home. Which normal emotional reaction does the nurse recognize?
- A. Acceptance of the pregnancy
- B. Focus on fetal development
- C. Anticipation of the birth
- D. Ambivalence about pregnancy
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Anticipation of the birth.' In the third trimester, it is common for expectant mothers to feel excited and prepared for the upcoming birth of their baby. This includes making plans for the baby's arrival and the early days at home. Choice A, 'Acceptance of the pregnancy,' may occur earlier in the pregnancy and does not specifically relate to the third trimester. Choice B, 'Focus on fetal development,' is more common in the earlier stages of pregnancy when the mother may be more concerned with the baby's growth and milestones. Choice D, 'Ambivalence about pregnancy,' suggests conflicting feelings which are less likely in this scenario where the client expresses readiness and plans for the baby's arrival.
5. A healthcare professional is preparing to administer an oral medication to a 4-year-old child. What is the best approach to gain the child's cooperation?
- A. Explain the importance of the medication to the child
- B. Allow the child to play with a favorite toy while taking the medication
- C. Offer a reward after the medication is taken
- D. Give the medication mixed with a small amount of the child's favorite food
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Allowing the child to play with a favorite toy while taking the medication is the best approach to gain cooperation. This strategy can help distract and calm the child during the medication administration process. Choice A may not be as effective with a young child who may not fully understand the explanation. Offering a reward (choice C) may reinforce negative behavior and create a dependency on rewards for cooperation. Giving the medication with food (choice D) may not always be appropriate and may not address the cooperation aspect.