HESI LPN
Pharmacology HESI 2023 Quizlet
1. What action should be taken six days after starting a prescription for oral amoxicillin solution?
- A. Determine if any other symptoms have developed
- B. Advise the use of over-the-counter antipyretics
- C. Instruct the client to increase oral fluid intake
- D. Ask if the medication has been kept refrigerated
Correct answer: A
Rationale: It is important to monitor for any new symptoms that may indicate a worsening condition or side effects when taking oral amoxicillin solution. This proactive approach helps in assessing the effectiveness and safety of the medication.
2. Which of the following is a sexually transmitted infection that, in advanced stages, can attack major organ systems?
- A. Rubella
- B. Syphilis
- C. Cystic fibrosis
- D. Phenylketonuria
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Syphilis is the correct answer. Syphilis is a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. If left untreated, it can progress through various stages and potentially attack major organ systems, causing severe complications. Rubella, Cystic fibrosis, and Phenylketonuria are not sexually transmitted infections. Rubella is a viral infection, Cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder affecting the lungs and digestive system, and Phenylketonuria is a genetic metabolic disorder. These conditions do not typically affect major organ systems in the same way as untreated syphilis.
3. A nurse is caring for a 60-year-old man who is scheduled to have coronary bypass surgery in the morning. He tells the nurse that he is afraid that he will die and he is scared of the surgery. What is the best reply for this nurse to give him?
- A. There is no reason to be scared. My father had this surgery, and now he’s playing tennis with his friends almost every day.
- B. I would be scared too. It’s a natural thing to feel. Don’t worry. Everything will be alright.
- C. You’re scared?
- D. The doctor has performed hundreds of successful bypass surgeries. I have a lot of faith in him.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The best reply for the nurse to give the patient is option C: 'You’re scared?' This response reflects empathy and understanding, acknowledging the patient's feelings of fear. By directly addressing the patient's emotions, the nurse encourages further expression of concerns, which is crucial in providing emotional support. Choices A and D may come off as dismissive of the patient's feelings by downplaying his fear or shifting the focus to others' experiences. Choice B, although acknowledging the patient's fear, does not actively engage with the patient's emotions or encourage further discussion.
4. .A nurse is performing a physical examination on an infant with Down syndrome. For what anomaly should the nurse assess the child?
- A. Bulging fontanels
- B. Stiff lower extremities
- C. Abnormal heart sounds
- D. Unusual pupillary reactions
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Abnormal heart sounds could indicate a congenital heart defect, which is common in infants with Down syndrome.
5. A client with major depressive disorder is prescribed a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI). Which side effect should the nurse educate the client about?
- A. Hypertension.
- B. Sexual dysfunction.
- C. Increased appetite.
- D. Weight gain.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Sexual dysfunction. Sexual dysfunction is a common side effect of SSRIs. While hypertension (A) can occur with other medications, it is not typically associated with SSRIs. Increased appetite (C) and weight gain (D) are potential side effects of some antidepressants, but sexual dysfunction is more specific to SSRIs. Therefore, the nurse should educate the client about the risk of sexual dysfunction when taking an SSRI.