Nursing Elites

1. Farah is viewing an exciting sports match of her favorite team and eating because of nervousness. Her food choice will most likely be based on ___.

• A. regional cuisines
• B. preferences
• C. emotional comfort
• D. positive association

Correct answer: C

Rationale: During stressful situations like watching an exciting sports match, individuals often seek emotional comfort through food. This emotional connection can lead Farah to choose foods that provide comfort or familiarity rather than being based on regional cuisines (choice A), general preferences (choice B), or positive associations (choice D). Farah's food choice is likely driven by the need for emotional comfort to alleviate her nervousness, making option C the most suitable answer.

2. What dietary modification is important for a child with celiac disease?

• A. Increase dairy intake
• B. Avoid gluten-containing foods
• C. Decrease protein intake
• D. Increase fiber intake

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Avoid gluten-containing foods. For a child with celiac disease, it is crucial to eliminate gluten from their diet to manage the condition effectively. Gluten triggers an immune response in individuals with celiac disease, leading to symptoms and damage to the small intestine. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because increasing dairy intake, decreasing protein intake, or increasing fiber intake are not specific dietary modifications for managing celiac disease.

3. What is an important aspect of the care plan for a child with eczema?

• A. Use of steroid creams
• B. Frequent antibiotic therapy
• C. High-protein diet
• D. Daily baths in hot water

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Use of steroid creams. Steroid creams are commonly used in the management of eczema to reduce inflammation and itching, thus improving the skin condition and comfort of the child. Choice B, frequent antibiotic therapy, is incorrect as antibiotics are not typically used to treat eczema unless there is a secondary bacterial infection. Choice C, a high-protein diet, is not a specific recommendation for eczema treatment. Choice D, daily baths in hot water, is not recommended for eczema care as hot water can exacerbate the condition by drying out the skin.

4. What is the term for the study of how diet affects gene expression?

• A. Epigenetics
• B. Nutrigenomics
• C. Genomics
• D. Genetics

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Nutrigenomics is the study of how diet affects gene expression, influencing health outcomes and disease risk. Epigenetics (choice A) involves changes in gene expression or cellular phenotype caused by mechanisms other than changes in the underlying DNA sequence. Genomics (choice C) is the study of an organism's entire genome. Genetics (choice D) is the study of heredity and the variation of inherited characteristics.

5. Why is peer review important in scientific research?

• A. To expedite publication of results.
• B. To facilitate the replication of studies.
• C. To verify the accuracy and validity of research findings.
• D. To enhance the credibility of the research.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Peer review is crucial in scientific research to verify the accuracy and validity of research findings. By subjecting research papers to evaluation by experts in the field, peer review ensures that the study's methods, results, and conclusions are robust and reliable. This process helps to maintain high standards of quality in scientific publications, providing credibility to the research. Choices A and D are incorrect because the primary purpose of peer review is not to expedite publication or solely enhance credibility; its core function is to validate the research's accuracy and validity. Choice B, while beneficial, is not the primary reason for peer review; replication is a byproduct of the rigorous evaluation of research methods and findings.

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