HESI LPN
LPN Nutrition Practice Test
1. When an increase in exercise is accompanied by a decrease in body weight, it is an example of what?
- A. variable effect
- B. positive correlation
- C. negative correlation
- D. randomization effect
Correct answer: C
Rationale: When an increase in exercise is accompanied by a decrease in body weight, it demonstrates a negative correlation. This means that as one variable (exercise) increases, the other variable (body weight) decreases. Choice A, 'variable effect,' is vague and does not accurately describe the relationship between exercise and body weight. Choice B, 'positive correlation,' is incorrect because in a positive correlation, both variables would increase or decrease together. Choice D, 'randomization effect,' is unrelated to the scenario described.
2. The unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) reports that a client’s blood pressure cannot be measured because the client has casts on both arms and is unable to be turned to the prone position for blood pressure measurement in the legs. What action should the nurse implement?
- A. Advise the UAP to document the last blood pressure obtained on the client's graphic sheet
- B. Estimate the blood pressure by assessing the pulse volume of the client’s radial pulses
- C. Demonstrate how to palpate the popliteal pulse with the client supine and the knee flexed
- D. Document why the blood pressure cannot be accurately measured at the present time
Correct answer: D
Rationale: When a client cannot have their blood pressure measured due to specific circumstances such as casts on both arms, the nurse should document the reason why the blood pressure cannot be obtained accurately. This documentation is crucial for maintaining a clear record of the client's condition and for continuity of care. Advising the UAP to document the last blood pressure obtained (Choice A) does not address the current inability to measure the blood pressure. Estimating the blood pressure by assessing the pulse volume of radial pulses (Choice B) is not a reliable method for obtaining accurate blood pressure readings. Demonstrating how to palpate the popliteal pulse (Choice C) is irrelevant in this situation as it does not provide a solution for accurately measuring the blood pressure.
3. A client with a diagnosis of hypothyroidism is prescribed levothyroxine (Synthroid). What is the most important instruction the nurse should provide?
- A. Take the medication in the morning on an empty stomach
- B. Take the medication with food
- C. Report any symptoms of hyperthyroidism
- D. Do not discontinue the medication abruptly
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Report any symptoms of hyperthyroidism.' Symptoms of hyperthyroidism, such as palpitations or tremors, may indicate an excessive dose of levothyroxine and should be reported to the healthcare provider for proper adjustment of the medication. Choice A is incorrect because levothyroxine is usually taken in the morning on an empty stomach to maximize absorption. Choice B is incorrect because taking levothyroxine with food can interfere with its absorption. Choice D is incorrect because discontinuing levothyroxine abruptly can lead to a worsening of hypothyroidism symptoms.
4. When administering medications to a group of clients, which client should the nurse closely monitor for the development of acute kidney injury (AKI)?
- A. Lorazepam
- B. Sucralfate
- C. Digoxin
- D. Vancomycin
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Vancomycin is known to be nephrotoxic, which means it can cause damage to the kidneys. Therefore, clients receiving Vancomycin should be closely monitored for signs and symptoms of acute kidney injury (AKI) to ensure early detection and intervention if necessary. Lorazepam, Sucralfate, and Digoxin do not typically cause acute kidney injury, so they are not the priority for monitoring in this scenario.
5. When assessing bowel sounds, what action should a healthcare professional take?
- A. Listen to the bowel sounds before performing abdominal palpation
- B. Auscultate for 2 minutes to determine if bowel sounds are present
- C. Place the diaphragm of the stethoscope over each quadrant
- D. Ask the client to cough while auscultating
Correct answer: C
Rationale: When assessing bowel sounds, it is crucial to listen before performing any palpation as palpation can alter bowel sounds. The correct technique involves placing the diaphragm of the stethoscope over each quadrant of the abdomen to listen for bowel sounds. Auscultating for at least 5 minutes is recommended to accurately determine the presence or absence of bowel sounds. Asking the client to cough is not necessary for assessing bowel sounds and may not provide relevant information. Therefore, option C is the correct choice as it follows the appropriate procedure for assessing bowel sounds.