HESI LPN
Pediatrics HESI 2023
1. When teaching parents about preventing childhood obesity, what should the nurse recommend?
- A. Encourage high-calorie snacks
- B. Limit screen time
- C. Encourage fast food as a treat
- D. Allow the child to eat freely
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Limiting screen time is a crucial recommendation to prevent childhood obesity. Excessive screen time is associated with sedentary behavior and increased consumption of unhealthy snacks, leading to weight gain. Encouraging high-calorie snacks (Choice A) contradicts the goal of preventing obesity. While fast food as a treat (Choice C) can be consumed occasionally, it should not be encouraged as a regular practice. Allowing the child to eat freely (Choice D) without restrictions can lead to overeating and unhealthy dietary habits, contributing to obesity risk.
2. A newborn is diagnosed with metatarsus adductus. The parents ask the nurse how this occurred. Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate?
- A. This condition is due to a genetic defect in the bones.
- B. It's most likely from how the baby was positioned in utero.
- C. They really don't know what causes this condition.
- D. There is probably an underlying deformity of the baby's hip.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Metatarsus adductus is a condition where the front part of the foot is turned inward. It is often caused by the baby's position in the womb, leading to pressure on the foot during fetal development. Choice A is incorrect as metatarsus adductus is not primarily caused by a genetic defect in the bones. Choice C is incorrect as the cause of metatarsus adductus is known to be related to intrauterine positioning. Choice D is incorrect as metatarsus adductus specifically pertains to the foot and not the hip.
3. The parents of a 6-month-old infant are concerned about the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). What should the nurse recommend to reduce the risk?
- A. Place the infant on their back to sleep
- B. Use a pacifier during sleep
- C. Have the infant sleep on their side
- D. Keep the infant's room cool
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct recommendation to reduce the risk of SIDS in infants is to place them on their back to sleep. This sleeping position helps prevent the occurrence of SIDS by maintaining an open airway and reducing the risk of suffocation. Using a pacifier during sleep has also shown some protective effect against SIDS, but it is not as effective as placing the infant on their back. Having the infant sleep on their side is not recommended as it can increase the risk of accidental suffocation. Keeping the infant's room cool does not directly reduce the risk of SIDS.
4. The parents of an infant ask the nurse why their baby is scheduled to receive the intramuscular polio vaccine rather than the oral vaccine. What is the nurse’s best response?
- A. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends the intramuscular vaccine because it is safer.
- B. The consensus is that either can be used, since both produce the same results and are equally safe.
- C. The oral vaccine is more expensive, so the intramuscular vaccine is preferred unless it is contraindicated.
- D. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommends the intramuscular vaccine unless the infant or a family member is immunocompromised.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends the intramuscular polio vaccine because it has a better safety profile compared to the oral vaccine. Choice B is incorrect because the AAP specifically recommends the intramuscular vaccine over the oral vaccine. Choice C is incorrect as cost is not the primary reason for preferring the intramuscular vaccine. Choice D is incorrect as the recommendation is based on safety rather than the immunocompromised status of the infant or family members.
5. Several employees who have a 10-year or longer history of smoking ask the occupational nurse for assistance with smoking cessation. The RN develops a 2-month program that includes weekly group sessions on lifestyle changes and use of OTC products. Which measurement provides the best indication of the program's effectiveness?
- A. Encourage the employees to disclose if they have joined another smoking cessation group.
- B. Ask the employees to inform the group if they stop smoking and if they start back up again.
- C. Survey the employees about their smoking habits.
- D. Observe if the employees are smoking in the designated smoking areas.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Surveying the employees about their smoking habits provides measurable data on program effectiveness. By collecting data directly from the employees through surveys, the occupational nurse can track changes in smoking habits, frequency, and quantity of cigarettes smoked. This direct feedback allows for a more accurate assessment of the program's impact on smoking cessation. Choices A and B rely on self-disclosure and may not provide reliable or objective data. Choice D does not directly measure changes in smoking habits but rather observes behavior in designated areas, which may not reflect overall smoking cessation progress.