HESI LPN
Fundamentals of Nursing HESI
1. A client is lying on the bathroom floor after a nurse responds to a call light. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?
- A. Check the client for injuries
- B. Move hazardous objects away from the client
- C. Notify the provider
- D. Ask the client to describe how she felt prior to the fall
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The nurse's priority in this situation is to assess the client for injuries. Checking for injuries first is crucial to determine the extent of harm caused by the fall and to provide immediate care. Moving hazardous objects can wait until the client's safety is ensured. Notifying the provider and asking the client about how she felt prior to the fall are important but are secondary to assessing for injuries in this urgent scenario. It is essential to address immediate physical needs before investigating the cause of the fall or notifying other healthcare team members.
2. The nurse is planning a discussion group for parents with children who have cancer. How would the nurse describe a difference between cancer in children and adults?
- A. Most childhood cancers affect tissues rather than organs.
- B. Childhood cancers are usually localized when found.
- C. Unlike adult cancers, childhood cancers are less responsive to treatment.
- D. The majority of childhood cancers can be prevented.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Most childhood cancers, such as leukemias and sarcomas, affect tissues rather than specific organs, unlike many adult cancers. Choice B is incorrect because childhood cancers may not always be localized when found. Choice C is incorrect as childhood cancers can be responsive to treatment, although treatment approaches may differ from adult cancers. Choice D is incorrect as the majority of childhood cancers cannot be prevented; however, certain risk factors can be managed to reduce the risk of developing cancer.
3. What does the term 'vital statistics' refer to?
- A. The systematic study of vital events such as births, illnesses, marriages, divorce, separation, and deaths
- B. Morbidity
- C. Statistics
- D. Mortality
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The term 'vital statistics' specifically refers to the systematic study of vital events, including births, illnesses, marriages, divorces, separations, and deaths. This field focuses on quantifying and analyzing these essential life events within a population. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because while they may be related to data collection and analysis, they do not encompass the broad spectrum of vital events covered under the term 'vital statistics.' Morbidity refers to the prevalence of a specific illness or disease within a population, statistics is a more general term for numerical data analysis, and mortality specifically pertains to deaths within a population.
4. An 18-month-old was brought to the emergency department by her mother, who states, 'I think she broke her arm.' The child is sent for a radiograph to confirm the fracture. Additional assessment of the child leads the nurse to suspect possible child abuse. Which type of fracture would the radiograph most likely reveal?
- A. Plastic deformity.
- B. Buckle fracture.
- C. Spiral fracture.
- D. Greenstick fracture.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: A spiral fracture is characterized by a twisting injury, often indicating child abuse due to the mechanism involved. This type of fracture is commonly seen in non-accidental trauma cases. Plastic deformity is not typically seen on radiographs but refers to a change in the shape of a bone without breaking. Buckle fractures are incomplete fractures commonly seen in children due to their softer bones. Greenstick fractures are also incomplete fractures, but they do not typically raise suspicion of child abuse as spiral fractures do.
5. While caring for a client's postoperative dressing, the nurse observes purulent wound drainage. Previously, the wound was inflamed and tender but without drainage. Which is the most important action for the nurse to take?
- A. Determine if the drainage has an unpleasant odor.
- B. Monitor the client's white blood cell count (WBC).
- C. Request a culture and sensitivity of the wound.
- D. Cleanse the wound with a sterile saline solution.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Requesting a culture and sensitivity of the wound is the most crucial action in this scenario. This will help identify the specific organism causing the infection and determine its sensitivity to antibiotics, guiding appropriate antibiotic therapy. Option A is less critical as odor alone may not provide enough information about the type of infection. Monitoring the client's white blood cell count (WBC) in option B is important but not as immediate as obtaining a wound culture. Cleansing the wound with a sterile saline solution in option D is necessary but should follow after obtaining the culture results to ensure proper treatment.