HESI LPN
HESI Leadership and Management Test Bank
1. A nurse is comparing the rate of medication errors on the medical unit to the rate from a medical unit in a magnet hospital. Which of the following quality improvement methods is the nurse using?
- A. Structure audit
- B. Benchmarking
- C. Risk benefit analysis
- D. Root cause analysis
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Benchmarking. Benchmarking involves comparing performance metrics with those from other units or institutions, which is exactly what the nurse is doing by comparing the rate of medication errors on their medical unit to the rate from a medical unit in a magnet hospital. Choice A, Structure audit, is not relevant to this scenario as it focuses on assessing the physical, organizational, or procedural structures in a healthcare setting. Choice C, Risk benefit analysis, involves weighing the potential risks and benefits of a particular course of action, not comparing performance metrics. Choice D, Root cause analysis, is a method used to identify the underlying causes of problems or adverse events, not to compare performance metrics between units.
2. What is the priority patient problem for the parents of a newborn born with cleft lip and palate?
- A. Parental role conflict
- B. Risk for delayed growth and development
- C. Risk for impaired attachment
- D. Anticipatory grieving
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Risk for impaired attachment. Parents of a newborn with cleft lip and palate may face challenges in bonding with their child due to the physical appearance, impacting attachment. Promoting bonding between parents and the infant is crucial in this situation. Choice A (Parental role conflict) is incorrect as it focuses on conflicting roles rather than the attachment issue. Choice B (Risk for delayed growth and development) is not the priority issue in this scenario as the immediate concern is establishing a healthy attachment. Choice D (Anticipatory grieving) is not the priority patient problem as it pertains more to the emotional response to an anticipated loss, which is not the primary concern at this stage.
3. A client with diabetes mellitus type 2 is prescribed sitagliptin. The nurse should include which instruction in the client's teaching plan?
- A. Take this medication with meals.
- B. Avoid alcohol while taking this medication.
- C. Take this medication on an empty stomach.
- D. Report any signs of pancreatitis to the healthcare provider.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct instruction to include in the teaching plan for a client prescribed sitagliptin is to report any signs of pancreatitis to the healthcare provider. Sitagliptin is generally taken with meals to reduce gastrointestinal side effects. Therefore, choice A, 'Take this medication with meals,' is incorrect. Sitagliptin does not have specific interactions with alcohol, so there is no need to advise the client to avoid alcohol, making choice B incorrect. Taking sitagliptin on an empty stomach is not recommended, so choice C is also incorrect. Pancreatitis is a rare but serious side effect of sitagliptin, so it is crucial for the client to report any signs or symptoms to their healthcare provider promptly.
4. A child with a diagnosis of leukemia is receiving chemotherapy. What is the priority nursing intervention?
- A. Monitoring for signs of infection
- B. Providing nutritional support
- C. Monitoring for signs of bleeding
- D. Monitoring for signs of pain
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The priority nursing intervention for a child with leukemia receiving chemotherapy is monitoring for signs of infection. Chemotherapy can suppress the immune system, increasing the risk of infections. Detecting and managing infections promptly is crucial to prevent complications and improve outcomes. Providing nutritional support is important, but infection prevention takes precedence due to the immediate threat it poses to the child's health. Monitoring for signs of bleeding is relevant in leukemia due to decreased platelet count, but infection surveillance is more critical. Monitoring for signs of pain is essential, but addressing infections promptly is the priority to prevent further deterioration in the child's condition.
5. A child with type 1 diabetes mellitus is being discharged from the hospital. What is important for the nurse to include in the discharge teaching?
- A. Monitor blood glucose levels once a day
- B. Follow a strict meal plan
- C. Administer insulin only when blood glucose is high
- D. Recognize signs of hypoglycemia
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Recognizing signs of hypoglycemia is essential for managing type 1 diabetes mellitus. Hypoglycemia, which occurs when blood glucose levels drop too low, can be dangerous and requires immediate intervention to prevent severe complications. Monitoring blood glucose levels more frequently than once a day, following a strict meal plan, and administering insulin only when blood glucose is high are important aspects of diabetes management but recognizing signs of hypoglycemia is crucial as it enables prompt action to prevent adverse outcomes.