Nursing Elites

1. A nurse is caring for an infant with intractable vomiting. For what complication is it most important for the nurse to assess?

• A. Acidosis
• B. Alkalosis
• C. Hyperkalemia
• D. Hypernatremia

Correct answer: B

Rationale: When an infant experiences intractable vomiting, it can lead to the loss of stomach acids, resulting in metabolic alkalosis. Alkalosis is characterized by elevated blood pH and can lead to serious complications. Assessing for alkalosis is essential in this scenario to monitor and manage the infant's condition. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because in this context, the primary concern is the metabolic imbalance caused by excessive vomiting, leading to alkalosis rather than acidosis, hyperkalemia, or hypernatremia.

2. A child with a diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is being evaluated for medication management. What is an important assessment for the nurse to perform?

• A. Assess the child's sleep patterns
• B. Assess the child's dietary intake
• C. Assess the child's academic performance
• D. Assess the child's behavior at home

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Assessing the child's dietary intake is crucial in managing symptoms and ensuring proper nutrition in children with ADHD. Dietary factors can influence ADHD symptoms. While sleep patterns, academic performance, and behavior at home are important aspects to consider, dietary assessment plays a significant role in the management of ADHD.

3. The caregiver explains to the parent of a 2-year-old child that the toddler’s negativism is expected at this age. What need is this behavior meeting?

• A. Trust
• B. Attention
• C. Discipline
• D. Independence

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Negativism in toddlers is a common behavior at this age as they begin to assert their independence and show a desire to control their environment. Choice A, 'Trust,' does not align with the behavior of negativism, as it is more about the child's growing autonomy. Choice B, 'Attention,' while important for child development, is not the primary need being met by negativism in this context. Choice C, 'Discipline,' though important in guiding behavior, is not the underlying need being expressed through negativism. Therefore, the correct answer is D, 'Independence,' as toddlers exhibit negativism as a way to assert their independence and autonomy.

4. What clinical manifestation of tetralogy of Fallot should the nurse expect when caring for children with this diagnosis?

• A. Slow respirations
• B. Clubbing of fingers
• C. Decreased RBC counts
• D. Subcutaneous hemorrhages

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Clubbing of fingers is a common manifestation in children with tetralogy of Fallot due to chronic hypoxia. Clubbing occurs as a result of long-standing decreased oxygen levels in the blood, leading to changes in the fingertips. Slow respirations (Choice A) are not typically a direct clinical manifestation of tetralogy of Fallot. While decreased RBC counts (Choice C) may occur due to chronic hypoxia, they are not a primary manifestation specific to tetralogy of Fallot. Subcutaneous hemorrhages (Choice D) are not a common clinical manifestation associated with tetralogy of Fallot.

5. Which of the following findings would indicate altered mental status in a small child?

• A. Recognizing the parents
• B. Showing fright at the EMT-B's presence
• C. Displaying a lack of attention to the EMT-B's presence
• D. Maintaining consistent eye contact with the EMT-B

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In a small child, displaying a lack of attention to the EMT-B's presence would indicate altered mental status. This behavior suggests a diminished level of consciousness or awareness, which is concerning. Recognizing the parents (Choice A) is a normal and expected behavior for a child. Showing fright at the EMT-B's presence (Choice B) may indicate fear or anxiety but not necessarily altered mental status. Maintaining consistent eye contact with the EMT-B (Choice D) may indicate engagement or curiosity rather than altered mental status.

Similar Questions