HESI LPN
Pediatric Practice Exam HESI
1. What is the priority nursing intervention for a child with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)?
- A. Encouraging a diet high in protein
- B. Administering nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
- C. Applying heat to affected joints
- D. Providing range-of-motion exercises
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The priority nursing intervention for a child with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is to administer nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs help manage pain and inflammation associated with JIA, making them crucial in providing relief to the child. Encouraging a diet high in protein (Choice A) may be beneficial for overall health but is not the priority in managing JIA symptoms. Applying heat to affected joints (Choice C) can provide comfort but does not address the underlying inflammation. Providing range-of-motion exercises (Choice D) is important for maintaining joint mobility but is not the priority intervention when managing acute symptoms of JIA.
2. A post-operative client develops a sudden onset of chest pain and dyspnea. The nurse suspects a pulmonary embolism (PE). What is the priority nursing action?
- A. Administer oxygen via face mask.
- B. Elevate the client's legs.
- C. Prepare the client for immediate surgery.
- D. Notify the healthcare provider immediately.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Administering oxygen via face mask is the priority nursing action in a post-operative client suspected of a pulmonary embolism. This intervention helps ensure adequate oxygenation while further assessments and interventions are initiated. Elevating the client's legs is not indicated for a suspected pulmonary embolism; it is more appropriate for conditions like shock. Immediate surgery is not the priority in this situation as the client is experiencing acute symptoms requiring prompt intervention. While notifying the healthcare provider is important, the immediate focus should be on providing oxygen to the client to support respiratory function.
3. During a nap, a 3-year-old hospitalized child wets the bed. How should the nurse respond?
- A. Ask the child to help with remaking the bed.
- B. Put clean sheets on the bed over a rubber sheet.
- C. Change the child’s clothes without discussing the incident.
- D. Explain that children should call the nurse when they need to go to the bathroom.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: When a 3-year-old hospitalized child wets the bed during a nap, the nurse should respond by changing the child's clothes without discussing the incident. This approach helps to maintain the child's dignity, avoid embarrassment, and reduce anxiety about bedwetting. Asking the child to help remake the bed (Choice A) may not be developmentally appropriate for a 3-year-old and could potentially lead to further distress. Putting clean sheets on the bed over a rubber sheet (Choice B) addresses the aftermath but does not directly address the child's needs and feelings. Explaining that children should call the nurse when they need to go to the bathroom (Choice D) may not be effective in this situation as the child may not have control over bedwetting during sleep.
4. Which behavior indicates the nurse is using a team approach when caring for a patient who is experiencing alterations in mobility?
- A. Delegates assessment of lung sounds to nursing assistive personnel
- B. Becomes solely responsible for modifying activities of daily living
- C. Consults physical therapy for strengthening exercises in the extremities
- D. Involves respiratory therapy for altered breathing from severe anxiety levels
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Consulting physical therapy for strengthening exercises in the extremities demonstrates a team approach in caring for a patient with mobility issues. Involving other healthcare professionals like physical therapists ensures a comprehensive and specialized approach to address the patient's mobility needs. This collaborative approach benefits the patient by providing specialized interventions. Choices A, B, and D do not exemplify a collaborative team approach. Delegating assessment tasks to nursing assistive personnel (Choice A) may not address the mobility issue directly. Becoming solely responsible for modifying activities of daily living (Choice B) limits the scope of interventions. Involving respiratory therapy for anxiety-related breathing issues (Choice D) addresses a different aspect of care and does not directly target mobility concerns.
5. What components should a nurse include when conducting a community health assessment?
- A. Personal health history of community members
- B. Number of hospitals in the community
- C. Demographic data, health status indicators, and community resources
- D. Results of laboratory tests
Correct answer: C
Rationale: When conducting a community health assessment, it is essential to gather demographic data (such as age, gender, ethnicity), health status indicators (like prevalence of diseases, mortality rates), and information on community resources (such as healthcare facilities, social services). These components help in understanding the health needs of the community and planning appropriate interventions. Choices A, B, and D are not typically part of a community health assessment as they focus on individual health data or specific medical information rather than the broader population health perspective required for community assessments.