Nursing Elites

1. What is the priority nursing intervention for a child with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA)?

• A. Encouraging a diet high in protein
• B. Administering nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
• C. Applying heat to affected joints
• D. Providing range-of-motion exercises

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The priority nursing intervention for a child with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is to administer nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). NSAIDs help manage pain and inflammation associated with JIA, making them crucial in providing relief to the child. Encouraging a diet high in protein (Choice A) may be beneficial for overall health but is not the priority in managing JIA symptoms. Applying heat to affected joints (Choice C) can provide comfort but does not address the underlying inflammation. Providing range-of-motion exercises (Choice D) is important for maintaining joint mobility but is not the priority intervention when managing acute symptoms of JIA.

2. The mother of a 5-year-old boy with a myelomeningocele, who has developed a sensitivity to latex, is being taught by the nurse. Which response from his mother indicates a need for further teaching?

• A. He needs to wear a medical alert identification.
• B. I will need to inform his caregivers about his latex sensitivity.
• C. A product's label always indicates whether it is latex-free.
• D. He must avoid any contact with latex.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Choice C, 'A product's label always indicates whether it is latex-free,' indicates a need for further teaching. Not all products are clearly labeled as latex-free; therefore, it is essential to verify with manufacturers and healthcare providers. Choices A, B, and D demonstrate appropriate understanding of managing latex sensitivity in the child. Wearing a medical alert identification (Choice A), informing caregivers (Choice B), and avoiding all contact with latex (Choice D) are all important aspects of managing a child's latex sensitivity.

3. A parent receives a note from the school that a student in class has head lice. The parent calls the school nurse to ask how to check for head lice. What instructions should the nurse provide?

• A. Ask the child where it itches.
• B. Check to see if your dog has ear mites.
• C. Look along the scalp line for white dots.
• D. Observe between the fingers for red lines.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is to look along the scalp line for white dots (nits) when checking for head lice. White dots are indicative of head lice infestation. Itching alone, as mentioned in choice A, is not a reliable indicator of head lice. Choice B is irrelevant as it refers to checking for ear mites in a dog, not head lice in a human. Observing between the fingers for red lines, as in choice D, is not a method to check for head lice.

4. Which treatment is instituted for the therapeutic management of minimal change nephrotic syndrome?

• A. corticosteroids
• B. antihypertensive agents
• C. long-term diuretics
• D. increased fluids to promote diuresis

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Corticosteroids are the mainstay of treatment for minimal change nephrotic syndrome as they help reduce inflammation and decrease proteinuria. Antihypertensive agents are used to manage high blood pressure often associated with kidney disease but are not the primary treatment for this condition. Long-term diuretics are not typically used in the management of minimal change nephrotic syndrome as they can worsen fluid and electrolyte imbalances. Increasing fluids to promote diuresis is not recommended in this condition as it can lead to further fluid retention and edema.

5. What should the nurse recommend to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in a 6-month-old infant?

• A. Place the infant on their back to sleep
• B. Use a pacifier during sleep
• C. Have the infant sleep on their side
• D. Keep the infant's room cool

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Placing the infant on their back to sleep is the correct recommendation to reduce the risk of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS). This sleep position has been shown to significantly decrease the incidence of SIDS. Using a pacifier during sleep (Choice B) can also help reduce the risk, but it is secondary to the back sleeping position. Having the infant sleep on their side (Choice C) is not recommended, as it increases the risk of SIDS. Keeping the infant's room cool (Choice D) may provide a comfortable sleeping environment but does not directly reduce the risk of SIDS.

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