HESI LPN
Adult Health 1 Exam 1
1. A client with cirrhosis is experiencing pruritus. Which intervention should the nurse include in the care plan?
- A. Administer antihistamines as prescribed
- B. Apply alcohol-based lotions to the skin
- C. Encourage frequent baths with hot water
- D. Limit fluid intake
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administer antihistamines as prescribed. Pruritus, or itching, is a common symptom in clients with cirrhosis. Antihistamines can help relieve itching by blocking the effects of histamine. Applying alcohol-based lotions (choice B) can further dry out the skin and exacerbate itching. Encouraging frequent baths with hot water (choice C) can also worsen pruritus by stripping the skin of natural oils. Limiting fluid intake (choice D) is not directly related to managing pruritus in cirrhosis.
2. The parents of a child who has had a myringotomy are instructed by the nurse to place the child in which position?
- A. Supine
- B. On the affected side
- C. On the unaffected side
- D. In Trendelenburg's position
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Placing the child on the affected side after a myringotomy facilitates ear drainage. This position helps prevent accumulation of fluids in the ear canal, aiding in the healing process. Placing the child in the supine position (Choice A) or on the unaffected side (Choice C) may not be as effective in promoting drainage. The Trendelenburg's position (Choice D) with the head lower than the body is used for conditions requiring increased venous return, not for post-myringotomy care.
3. A child with a diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome is under the care of a nurse. What is the priority nursing intervention?
- A. Administering diuretics
- B. Monitoring urine output
- C. Administering corticosteroids
- D. Restricting fluid intake
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The priority nursing intervention when caring for a child with nephrotic syndrome is to monitor urine output. This is essential to assess kidney function and evaluate the effectiveness of treatment. Administering diuretics (Choice A) may be a part of the treatment plan but should not be the priority over monitoring urine output. Administering corticosteroids (Choice C) is a common treatment for nephrotic syndrome, but monitoring urine output takes precedence. Restricting fluid intake (Choice D) may be necessary in some cases, but it is not the priority intervention compared to monitoring urine output.
4. The unlicensed assistive personnel (UAP) reports that a client’s blood pressure cannot be measured because the client has casts on both arms and is unable to be turned to the prone position for blood pressure measurement in the legs. What action should the nurse implement?
- A. Advise the UAP to document the last blood pressure obtained on the client's graphic sheet
- B. Estimate the blood pressure by assessing the pulse volume of the client’s radial pulses
- C. Demonstrate how to palpate the popliteal pulse with the client supine and the knee flexed
- D. Document why the blood pressure cannot be accurately measured at the present time
Correct answer: D
Rationale: When a client cannot have their blood pressure measured due to specific circumstances such as casts on both arms, the nurse should document the reason why the blood pressure cannot be obtained accurately. This documentation is crucial for maintaining a clear record of the client's condition and for continuity of care. Advising the UAP to document the last blood pressure obtained (Choice A) does not address the current inability to measure the blood pressure. Estimating the blood pressure by assessing the pulse volume of radial pulses (Choice B) is not a reliable method for obtaining accurate blood pressure readings. Demonstrating how to palpate the popliteal pulse (Choice C) is irrelevant in this situation as it does not provide a solution for accurately measuring the blood pressure.
5. A male client with Herpes Zoster (shingles) on his thorax tells the nurse that he is having difficulty sleeping. What is the etiology of this problem?
- A. Pain
- B. Nocturia
- C. Dyspnea
- D. Frequent cough
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Pain. The pain caused by Herpes Zoster (shingles) can disrupt sleep patterns. It is a common symptom of shingles and can lead to difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep. Nocturia (B), dyspnea (C), and frequent cough (D) are not typically associated with shingles and would not directly cause difficulty sleeping in this scenario.