HESI LPN
Fundamentals HESI
1. A client who is postoperative is verbalizing pain as a 2 on a pain scale of 0-10. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the client understands the preoperative teaching they received about pain management?
- A. "It might help me to listen to music while I'm lying in bed."
- B. "I will use the pain medication as prescribed to manage the pain."
- C. "I will request a different type of pain medication if the pain persists."
- D. "I will ask for a physical therapist to help with the pain."
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Listening to music is a non-pharmacological method to help manage mild pain, reflecting an understanding of pain management strategies. It shows the client's grasp of non-pharmacological pain management techniques taught preoperatively. Choice B, while important, only addresses pharmacological pain management, omitting other strategies discussed in preoperative teaching. Choice C jumps to changing medications without considering non-pharmacological methods first, indicating a narrow approach to pain management. Choice D involves a physical therapist, which is not directly related to the pain management strategies typically discussed in preoperative teaching.
2. The nurse is assessing a family to determine if they have access to adequate health care. Which statement accurately describes how certain families are affected by common barriers to health care?
- A. After a decade of escalation, the percentage of children living in low-income families has been on the decline since 2000.
- B. White, non-Hispanic children overall are more likely than African American and Hispanic children to be in very good or excellent health.
- C. The proportion of children between the ages of 6 and 18 who are overweight is decreasing, but a large increase is occurring in African American females.
- D. The overall health care plan of working families may improve access to specialty care but limit access to preventive services.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Choice B is the correct answer because it accurately states that White, non-Hispanic children are more likely to be in very good or excellent health compared to African American and Hispanic children. This reflects a disparity in health outcomes among different racial groups. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Choice A is unrelated to the impact of common barriers to health care on families. Choice C talks about overweight children but does not address access to health care. Choice D discusses the impact of the overall health care plan on working families but does not specifically address the disparity in health status among different racial groups.
3. A client with Parkinson's disease is experiencing difficulty swallowing. Which intervention should the nurse implement to prevent aspiration?
- A. Encourage the client to eat quickly.
- B. Provide a straw for liquids.
- C. Place the client in an upright position during meals.
- D. Offer thin liquids.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Placing the client in an upright position during meals is the correct intervention to prevent aspiration in a client with Parkinson's disease. This position helps facilitate swallowing and reduces the risk of aspiration. Choice A is incorrect because encouraging the client to eat quickly can increase the risk of choking and aspiration. Choice B is not the best option as straws may not prevent aspiration effectively. Choice D is incorrect as thin liquids can actually increase the risk of aspiration in individuals with swallowing difficulties.
4. A client is contemplating retirement and expresses uncertainty about wanting to retire. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?
- A. Let’s talk about how the change in your job status will affect you.
- B. Have you considered the financial implications of retirement?
- C. What are your thoughts on retirement and how it may impact your life?
- D. Would you like to discuss potential activities you could engage in during retirement?
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Choosing option A, 'Let’s talk about how the change in your job status will affect you,' is the most appropriate response in this scenario. By discussing how retirement might affect the client, the nurse can address the client's concerns and emotions about the impending change. Option B, 'Have you considered the financial implications of retirement?' is not the best response as it focuses solely on financial aspects and does not address the client's emotional readiness for retirement. Option C, 'What are your thoughts on retirement and how it may impact your life?' is more open-ended and may not address the immediate concerns of the client expressing uncertainty. Option D, 'Would you like to discuss potential activities you could engage in during retirement?' assumes the client is certain about retiring and focuses on activities rather than addressing the client's feelings of uncertainty.
5. The nurse is caring for a 17-month-old child with acetaminophen poisoning. Which laboratory reports should the nurse review first?
- A. Prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT)
- B. Red blood cell and white blood cell counts
- C. Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels
- D. Liver enzymes (AST and ALT)
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In acetaminophen poisoning, liver damage is a significant concern due to the drug's metabolism in the liver. Monitoring liver enzymes such as AST and ALT is crucial as they indicate liver function and damage. Prothrombin time (PT) and partial thromboplastin time (PTT) (Choice A) are coagulation studies and are not the priority in acetaminophen poisoning. Red blood cell and white blood cell counts (Choice B) are not directly related to acetaminophen poisoning. Blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels (Choice C) assess kidney function, but liver enzymes are more specific for evaluating liver damage in acetaminophen poisoning.