HESI LPN
Pediatric HESI 2024
1. A 7-month-old girl is to be catheterized to obtain a sterile urine specimen. One of the infant’s parents expresses fear that this procedure may traumatize the baby psychologically. How should the nurse provide reassurance?
- A. The fear is justified and the nurse should obtain a “clean catch” specimen.
- B. Parents have a right to refuse the catheterization and the concerns are realistic.
- C. Although the concern is appropriate, the need for a sterile specimen is the priority.
- D. The procedure is uncomfortable, but there should not be a damaging long-term effect.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: While catheterization can be uncomfortable, it does not typically result in long-term psychological harm, and obtaining a sterile specimen is important for accurate diagnosis.
2. A nurse is caring for a child with a diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). What is the priority nursing intervention?
- A. Administering chemotherapy
- B. Preventing infection
- C. Monitoring for signs of bleeding
- D. Providing nutritional support
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Administering chemotherapy. In the care of a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the priority nursing intervention is administering chemotherapy. Chemotherapy is the primary treatment for ALL and plays a crucial role in managing the disease. While preventing infection, monitoring for signs of bleeding, and providing nutritional support are important aspects of caring for a child with ALL, administering chemotherapy takes precedence as it directly targets the cancer cells and aims to induce remission.
3. A healthcare provider is assessing a child with suspected pneumonia. What clinical manifestation is the healthcare provider likely to observe?
- A. Cough
- B. Diarrhea
- C. Rash
- D. Vomiting
Correct answer: A
Rationale: When assessing a child with suspected pneumonia, a healthcare provider is likely to observe a cough as a common clinical manifestation. Pneumonia often presents with symptoms such as cough, fever, difficulty breathing, and chest pain. Choice B, diarrhea, is not typically associated with pneumonia. Choice C, rash, is not a common clinical manifestation of pneumonia. Choice D, vomiting, is also not a typical symptom of pneumonia. Therefore, the correct answer is A: Cough.
4. What is important to include in discharge instructions for parents of a child who has had a tonsillectomy?
- A. Encourage the child to gargle with salt water
- B. Encourage fluid intake
- C. Provide the child with hard candy
- D. Apply heat to the neck
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Encouraging fluid intake is essential in the discharge instructions for a child who has had a tonsillectomy. It helps keep the throat moist, aids in preventing dehydration, and promotes healing. Gargling with salt water is not typically recommended after a tonsillectomy as it may irritate the surgical site. Providing the child with hard candy is not advisable as it can irritate the throat and potentially cause harm. Applying heat to the neck is also not recommended post-tonsillectomy as it can increase swelling and discomfort in the surgical area.
5. The parent of a child who has received all of the primary immunizations asks the nurse which ones the child should receive before starting kindergarten. The nurse tells the parent that her child should receive boosters of:
- A. IPV, HepB, Td.
- B. DTaP, HepB, Td.
- C. MMR, DTaP, Hib.
- D. DTaP, IPV, MMR.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: DTaP, IPV, MMR. Before starting kindergarten, the child should receive boosters of DTaP, IPV, and MMR to ensure ongoing protection against diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, polio, measles, mumps, and rubella. Choice A is incorrect because it includes HepB instead of MMR. Choice B is incorrect as it includes HepB instead of MMR and DTaP instead of IPV. Choice C is incorrect as it includes Hib instead of IPV.
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