HESI LPN
HESI Fundamentals Practice Questions
1. The nurse is planning a meal plan that would provide the most iron for a child with anemia. Which dinner menu would be best?
- A. Fish sticks, french fries, banana, cookies, milk
- B. Ground beef patty, lima beans, wheat roll, raisins, milk
- C. Chicken nuggets, macaroni, peas, cantaloupe, milk
- D. Peanut butter and jelly sandwich, apple slices, milk
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Ground beef, lima beans, and raisins are rich sources of iron, making this meal plan the most suitable for a child with anemia. Ground beef is a high-iron meat, while lima beans and raisins are also excellent sources of iron. Fish sticks, french fries, banana, and cookies in option A lack sufficient iron content compared to the options in B. Chicken nuggets, macaroni, and peas in option C are not as iron-rich as the ground beef, lima beans, and raisins in option B. Peanut butter and jelly sandwich with apple slices in option D also fall short in providing enough iron when compared to the iron-rich components of option B.
2. The healthcare provider is admitting a child with a Wilms tumor. Which is the initial assessment finding associated with this tumor?
- A. abdominal swelling
- B. weight gain
- C. hypotension
- D. increased urinary output
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Abdominal swelling is a classic presentation and often the first noticeable sign of a Wilms tumor. This occurs due to the tumor mass in the kidney, leading to abdominal distension. Weight gain (Choice B) is less likely as a presenting symptom compared to abdominal swelling. Hypotension (Choice C) is not typically associated with a Wilms tumor unless complications like bleeding or shock occur. Increased urinary output (Choice D) is not a typical finding for Wilms tumor; instead, patients may present with hematuria or urinary symptoms.
3. The nurse is developing a teaching plan for a child who is to have his cast removed. What instruction would the nurse most likely include?
- A. Applying petroleum jelly to the dry skin.
- B. Rubbing the skin vigorously to remove the dead skin.
- C. Soaking the area in warm water every day.
- D. Washing the skin with diluted peroxide and water.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct instruction for the nurse to include in the teaching plan is to advise the child to soak the area in warm water every day. Soaking the area in warm water helps to gently remove dead skin without causing irritation, facilitating the safe and comfortable removal of the cast. Applying petroleum jelly (Choice A) may not be necessary and could interfere with the cast removal process. Rubbing the skin vigorously (Choice B) can lead to skin damage and should be avoided. Washing the skin with diluted peroxide and water (Choice D) is not recommended as peroxide can be irritating to the skin and may not aid in cast removal.
4. A healthcare professional is preparing to administer an oral medication to a 4-year-old child. What is the best approach to gain the child's cooperation?
- A. Explain the importance of the medication to the child
- B. Allow the child to play with a favorite toy while taking the medication
- C. Offer a reward after the medication is taken
- D. Give the medication mixed with a small amount of the child's favorite food
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Allowing the child to play with a favorite toy while taking the medication is the best approach to gain cooperation. This strategy can help distract and calm the child during the medication administration process. Choice A may not be as effective with a young child who may not fully understand the explanation. Offering a reward (choice C) may reinforce negative behavior and create a dependency on rewards for cooperation. Giving the medication with food (choice D) may not always be appropriate and may not address the cooperation aspect.
5. The nurse is preparing to provide a complete bed bath to an unconscious patient. The nurse decides to use a bag bath. In which order will the nurse clean the body, starting with the first area?
- A. Neck, shoulders, and chest
- B. Abdomen and groin/perineum
- C. Legs, feet, and web spaces
- D. Back of neck, back, and then buttocks
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In providing a complete bed bath using a bag bath for an unconscious patient, the nurse should follow a specific order. The correct sequence is as follows: Neck, shoulders, and chest; Both arms, both hands, web spaces, and axilla; Abdomen and then groin/perineum; Right leg, right foot, and web spaces; Left leg, left foot, and web spaces; Back of neck, back, and then buttocks. Choice A is incorrect as it does not follow the correct sequence for a bed bath. Choice C is incorrect as it focuses on the lower extremities before addressing the upper body. Choice D is incorrect as it starts with the back of the patient instead of the upper body areas first.