HESI LPN
Practice HESI Fundamentals Exam
1. A client is scheduled for a total laryngectomy. Which of the following interventions is the priority for the nurse?
- A. Schedule a support session for the client.
- B. Explain the techniques of esophageal speech.
- C. Review the use of artificial larynx with the client.
- D. Determine the client's reading ability.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The priority intervention for a client scheduled for a total laryngectomy is to explain the techniques of esophageal speech. This is crucial for the client's post-surgery communication. Option A, scheduling a support session, is important but not the priority as ensuring the client can communicate effectively comes first. Option C, reviewing the use of artificial larynx, is relevant but not the priority compared to teaching esophageal speech. Option D, determining the client's reading ability, is not as critical as ensuring the client learns a primary method of communication following the laryngectomy.
2. The school RN is assessing a group of middle school students for signs of scoliosis and discovers a female student with noticeable unequal symmetry of the upper and lower back. Which intervention is most important for the RN to implement?
- A. Send the student home
- B. Make a referral to have the scoliosis further evaluated.
- C. Withdraw the student from all physical activities
- D. Tell the student not to carry her backpack on her back
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Referring the student for further evaluation of scoliosis is crucial to confirm the diagnosis and determine the appropriate management plan. Sending the student home (choice A) without proper assessment and intervention is not the best course of action. Withdrawing the student from all physical activities (choice C) is not necessary and may cause unnecessary distress. Instructing the student not to carry her backpack on her back (choice D) does not address the underlying issue of scoliosis and is not the most important intervention at this point.
3. Which of the following statements about CHN is wrong?
- A. CHN synthesizes public health with nursing
- B. CHN emphasizes health
- C. Promoting clients' autonomy is a responsibility of public nursing
- D. CHN makes a unique contribution to health care not by the nature of its practice but where it is practiced
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The statement in option D is incorrect. The unique contribution of Community Health Nursing (CHN) is not only where it is practiced but also by the nature of its practice. CHN's distinct value lies in its approach to care delivery, focusing on preventive care, health promotion, and addressing the needs of specific communities. Options A and B are correct as CHN involves synthesizing public health principles with nursing practice and emphasizes holistic health. Option C is incorrect as promoting clients' autonomy is a fundamental aspect of community health nursing, respecting individuals' rights to make decisions about their health.
4. When assessing a client's IV for infiltration, which finding would be unexpected for the nurse?
- A. The area around the infusion site feels warm to the touch.
- B. The infusion site is swollen and cool to the touch.
- C. The infusion line does not flush properly.
- D. There is no blood return in the infusion line.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Warmth around the infusion site is not an expected finding with infiltration. Infiltration typically presents with swelling and coolness due to the fluid leaking into the surrounding tissue. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because swelling, coolness, and difficulty flushing the line, as well as lack of blood return, are commonly associated with infiltration.
5. A client prescribed warfarin is being taught about dietary modifications by a nurse. Which statement by the client indicates understanding of the teaching?
- A. ''I need to avoid foods high in vitamin C.''
- B. ''I should eat a consistent amount of vitamin K each day.''
- C. ''I can eat as many leafy greens as I want.''
- D. ''I should not worry about any changes in my diet.''
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Consistency in vitamin K intake is crucial for clients on warfarin to maintain stable anticoagulation levels. Option A is incorrect as vitamin C does not directly interact with warfarin. Option C is incorrect because although leafy greens are high in vitamin K, excessive consumption can affect warfarin's effectiveness. Option D is incorrect as any changes in diet, particularly in vitamin K intake, can impact the efficacy of warfarin.