HESI LPN
HESI Pediatrics Quizlet
1. What is the priority intervention for a 10-year-old girl in a foster family?
- A. Determining if the child is being bullied at school
- B. Dealing with mixed parental expectations
- C. Establishing the child's primary caretaker
- D. Performing a comprehensive health assessment
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In a foster family setup, the priority intervention for a 10-year-old girl is to perform a comprehensive health assessment. This is crucial as children in foster care may have moved between different homes, leading to incomplete medical records. A comprehensive health assessment helps identify any health issues, track the child's growth and development, and ensure appropriate medical care. While addressing bullying at school, managing parental expectations, and establishing the primary caretaker are important considerations, the immediate priority for the child's well-being and holistic care is to conduct a thorough health assessment.
2. When discussing the side effects of the Haemophilus influenzae (Hib) vaccine with parents, which sign should the nurse mention for an infant receiving the vaccine?
- A. Lethargy
- B. Urticaria
- C. Generalized rash
- D. Low-grade fever
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Low-grade fever.' A low-grade fever is a typical, mild side effect that can occur after the Hib vaccine is administered. It is a sign that the body's immune system is responding to the vaccine and is generally not a cause for concern. Lethargy, urticaria, and generalized rash are not commonly associated side effects of the Hib vaccine. Lethargy may be a sign of other issues, while urticaria and generalized rash are more indicative of allergic reactions rather than typical responses to the Hib vaccine.
3. Upon assessing a newborn immediately after delivery, you note that the infant is breathing spontaneously and has a heart rate of 90 beats/min. What is the most appropriate initial management for this newborn?
- A. begin positive pressure ventilations
- B. provide blow-by oxygen with oxygen tubing
- C. assess the newborn's skin condition and color
- D. start chest compressions and contact medical control
Correct answer: A
Rationale: A heart rate below 100 beats/min in a newborn indicates the need for positive pressure ventilation to improve oxygenation. Providing positive pressure ventilations helps in assisting the newborn's breathing efforts to ensure adequate oxygenation. Choice B, providing blow-by oxygen, may not be sufficient to address the underlying issue of inadequate breathing. Choice C, assessing the newborn's skin condition and color, is important but not the most immediate action needed for a heart rate below 100 beats/min. Choice D, starting chest compressions, is not indicated as the infant is breathing spontaneously and has a heart rate, albeit lower than normal, which does not warrant chest compressions.
4. A child with a diagnosis of celiac disease is admitted to the hospital. What dietary restriction should the nurse teach the parents?
- A. Avoid dairy products
- B. Avoid gluten
- C. Avoid high-fat foods
- D. Avoid foods high in sugar
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to 'Avoid gluten.' Celiac disease is an autoimmune disorder triggered by the consumption of gluten, a protein found in wheat, barley, and rye. When individuals with celiac disease ingest gluten, it causes an immune response that attacks the lining of the small intestine. Therefore, avoiding gluten is crucial in managing celiac disease to prevent symptoms and intestinal damage. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not address the specific dietary restriction necessary for individuals with celiac disease. While some individuals with celiac disease may also have lactose intolerance (not dairy allergy) or may need to manage fat or sugar intake for other health reasons, the primary dietary focus for celiac disease is the strict avoidance of gluten-containing foods.
5. At 0345, you receive a call for a woman in labor. Upon arriving at the scene, you are greeted by a very anxious man who tells you that his wife is having her baby 'now.' This man escorts you into the living room where a 25-year-old woman is lying on the couch in obvious pain. The woman states that her contractions are occurring every 4 to 5 minutes and lasting approximately 30 seconds each. Which of the following questions would be most appropriate to ask at this point?
- A. Has your bag of waters broken yet?
- B. Have you had regular prenatal care?
- C. At how many weeks gestation are you?
- D. How many other children do you have?
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Asking about the gestational age is crucial in determining the stage of labor and assessing potential complications. This information helps in understanding the progress of labor and making appropriate decisions regarding the management of the delivery process. Choices A, B, and D are not as pertinent at this point in providing immediate care or assessing the situation compared to knowing the gestational age.
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