Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following serves as the information processing and administrative center of the cell?

• A. Golgi apparatus
• B. Cytoplasm
• C. Nucleus
• D. Lysosomes

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, the nucleus. The nucleus is indeed the information processing and administrative center of the cell as it contains the genetic material (DNA) and is responsible for controlling cellular activities. The Golgi apparatus (Choice A) is involved in processing and packaging proteins, the cytoplasm (Choice B) is the fluid that fills the cell and provides a medium for organelles to be suspended, and lysosomes (Choice D) are responsible for digesting waste materials and foreign invaders. Therefore, the nucleus is the most appropriate choice for the given function.

2. What are the two primary products of photosynthesis?

• A. Sugar and oxygen
• B. Sugar and carbon dioxide
• C. Oxygen and nitrogen
• D. Nitrogen and carbon dioxide

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Sugar and oxygen. During photosynthesis, plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (sugar) and oxygen using sunlight. Choice B, 'Sugar and carbon dioxide,' is incorrect because carbon dioxide is one of the reactants, not a product. Choice C, 'Oxygen and nitrogen,' is incorrect as nitrogen is not a direct product of photosynthesis. Choice D, 'Nitrogen and carbon dioxide,' is incorrect because nitrogen is not a product of photosynthesis, and carbon dioxide is a reactant.

3. The Punnett square shows that one parent carries the recessive gene for a cleft chin (c) while the other parent does not. What percentage of the parents' offspring is predicted to have a cleft chin?

• A. 25%
• B. 50%
• C. 0%
• D. 75%

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is 0%. If one parent carries the recessive gene for a cleft chin while the other parent does not, none of the offspring will express the recessive phenotype. This is because in order for a child to have a cleft chin, they would need to inherit the recessive gene from both parents. Therefore, although the offspring could be carriers of the gene, none are predicted to have a cleft chin. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because the presence of the recessive gene in one parent and its absence in the other would not result in any offspring showing the cleft chin trait.

4. In meiosis, the chromosome number is reduced from:

• A. 46 to 23
• B. 46 to 33
• C. 28 to 14
• D. 24 to 12

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: "46 to 23." In meiosis, the chromosome number is reduced by half to form gametes for sexual reproduction. In humans, where the diploid chromosome number is 46, meiosis results in haploid cells with 23 chromosomes. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not represent the correct reduction in chromosome number during meiosis.

5. What is the smallest and most basic unit of matter?

• A. Micromolecule
• B. Atom
• C. Organelle
• D. Molecule

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Atom. An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element. Choice A, Micromolecule, is incorrect because molecules are composed of atoms bonded together, making them larger than individual atoms. Choice C, Organelle, is incorrect as organelles are structures within cells, not the basic unit of matter. Choice D, Molecule, is incorrect as molecules are made up of atoms bonded together, so they are not the smallest unit of matter.

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