HESI RN
HESI Practice Test Pediatrics
1. During a routine assessment of a 3-year-old at a community health center, the healthcare professional should be alert for signs of autism spectrum disorder. Which behavior by the child should prompt further evaluation for a possible autistic spectrum disorder?
- A. Engages in odd repetitive behaviors
- B. Shows indifference to verbal stimulation
- C. Strokes the hair of a hand-held doll
- D. Has a history of temper tantrums
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Engaging in odd repetitive behaviors is a hallmark sign of autism spectrum disorder in children. These behaviors can include repetitive movements, insistence on sameness, or specific routines. Recognizing and addressing these behaviors early can help in providing appropriate interventions and support for the child.
2. The healthcare professional working on the pediatric unit takes two 8-year-old girls to the playroom. Which activity is best for the healthcare professional to plan for these girls?
- A. Selecting a board game.
- B. Playing doctor and patient.
- C. Watching cartoons on TV.
- D. Coloring, cutting, and pasting.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Selecting a board game is the best activity for the healthcare professional to plan for these girls as it is age-appropriate and promotes social interaction. Board games can enhance cognitive skills, encourage teamwork, and provide an enjoyable and interactive experience for the girls.
3. During a follow-up clinical visit, a mother tells the nurse that her 5-month-old son, who had surgical correction for tetralogy of Fallot, has rapid breathing, often takes a long time to eat, and requires frequent rest periods. The infant is not crying while being held, and his growth is in the expected range. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
- A. Stimulate the infant to cry to produce cyanosis
- B. Auscultate the heart and lungs while the infant is held
- C. Evaluate the infant for failure to thrive
- D. Obtain a 12-lead electrocardiogram
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Auscultating the heart and lungs while the infant is held can provide important diagnostic information in assessing the cardiac and respiratory status of the infant who had surgical correction for tetralogy of Fallot. This intervention can help the nurse identify any abnormal heart or lung sounds, which may indicate complications or issues that need further evaluation or intervention.
4. A 16-year-old male client who has been treated in the past for a seizure disorder is admitted to the hospital. Immediately after admission, he begins to have a grand mal seizure. Which action should the nurse take?
- A. Obtain assistance in holding him to prevent injury.
- B. Observe him carefully.
- C. Call a CODE.
- D. Place a padded tongue blade between the teeth.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: During a grand mal seizure, the priority action for the nurse is to ensure the safety of the client. Observing the client carefully allows the nurse to monitor the seizure activity, the client's breathing, and any signs of distress without interfering with the seizure process. Restraining the client or placing objects in the mouth can lead to injury and should be avoided. Calling a CODE is not appropriate for a seizure as it is a normal response to the client's condition.
5. The caregiver is caring for a 2-month-old infant with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis. Which assessment finding would be most concerning to the caregiver?
- A. Nasal flaring and grunting
- B. Coughing and wheezing
- C. Poor feeding and irritability
- D. Increased respiratory rate
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Nasal flaring and grunting are indicative of respiratory distress, suggesting the infant is having difficulty breathing. This finding requires immediate attention as it signifies a more severe respiratory compromise compared to the other symptoms listed.
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