HESI RN
HESI Practice Test Pediatrics
1. A child is recovering from an appendectomy. The parent asks when the child can resume normal activities. What is the best response by the nurse?
- A. The child can resume normal activities as soon as they feel up to it
- B. The child should avoid strenuous activities for at least 2 weeks
- C. The child can resume normal activities after the stitches are removed
- D. The child should avoid all physical activities for the next month
Correct answer: B
Rationale: After an appendectomy, it is important for the child to avoid strenuous activities for at least 2 weeks to allow for proper healing. Resuming normal activities too soon can put unnecessary strain on the healing process and increase the risk of complications.
2. The practical nurse is reinforcing information about Lyme disease prevention with a client who is preparing for a camping trip with family. Which statement by the client informs the nurse that the client understands the instruction?
- A. I'll make sure my son wears dark clothing on his hike.
- B. I'll get a prescription for amoxicillin to take with us.
- C. We should all get the Lyme disease vaccine before our trip.
- D. We will wear long pants and long-sleeved shirts in the woods.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Wearing long pants and long-sleeved shirts is an effective preventive measure against tick bites, which reduces the risk of contracting Lyme disease. This attire helps to minimize skin exposure to ticks, thereby decreasing the chances of a tick attaching and transmitting the disease-causing bacteria.
3. The healthcare provider is providing postoperative care to a 4-year-old child who underwent tonsillectomy. The provider notices that the child is frequently swallowing. What should the provider do first?
- A. Check the child’s throat for signs of bleeding
- B. Offer the child ice chips to soothe the throat
- C. Elevate the head of the child’s bed
- D. Administer prescribed pain medication
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Frequent swallowing after tonsillectomy may indicate bleeding, which requires immediate assessment and intervention. Checking the child’s throat for signs of bleeding is the priority to ensure timely identification and management of any potential bleeding complications.
4. A child with pertussis is receiving azithromycin (Zithromax Injection) IV. Which intervention is most important for the nurse to include in the child’s plan of care?
- A. Obtain vital signs to monitor for fluid overload
- B. Change IV site dressing every 3 days and as needed
- C. Monitor for signs of facial swelling or urticaria
- D. Assess for abdominal pain and vomiting
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Monitoring for signs of an allergic reaction, such as facial swelling or urticaria, is crucial when administering antibiotics like azithromycin. It is important to watch for these signs to promptly identify and manage any potential adverse reactions during the course of treatment.
5. The parents of a 3-year-old boy who has Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) ask, 'how can our son have this disease? We are wondering if we should have any more children.' What information should the nurse provide these parents?
- A. This is an inherited X-linked recessive disorder, which primarily affects male children in the family.
- B. The male infant had a viral infection that went unnoticed and untreated, leading to muscle damage.
- C. The lack of the protein dystrophin in the mother can impact the muscle groups of males.
- D. Damage to the spinal cord due to birth trauma from a breech vaginal birth weakens the muscles.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should inform the parents that Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an X-linked recessive disorder, which primarily affects male children in the family. This genetic condition is caused by a mutation in the dystrophin gene located on the X chromosome. Females are usually carriers of the gene mutation and may pass it on to their sons. Daughters of carrier mothers have a 50% chance of being carriers themselves. Understanding the genetics of DMD can help the parents make informed decisions about family planning and genetic counseling.
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