HESI RN
HESI Practice Test Pediatrics
1. What advice should be provided by the practical nurse to the mother of a school-age child with acute diarrhea and mild dehydration who is occasionally vomiting despite being given an oral rehydration solution (ORS)?
- A. Continue to give ORS frequently in small amounts.
- B. Alternate between ORS and carbonated beverages.
- C. Take the child to the hospital for intravenous fluids.
- D. Place the child NPO for the next eight to nine hours.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The practical nurse should advise the mother to continue providing the oral rehydration solution (ORS) frequently in small amounts. It is essential to continue ORS administration to prevent dehydration, even if the child is occasionally vomiting. Small, frequent amounts of ORS help maintain hydration levels in children with acute diarrhea and mild dehydration.
2. A 2-year-old child with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is being treated in the hospital. What should the healthcare provider monitor for in this child?
- A. Increased urine output.
- B. Decreased respiratory rate.
- C. Labored breathing.
- D. Improved appetite.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Labored breathing is a critical sign of worsening respiratory distress in children with RSV. It indicates that the child's condition may be deteriorating, requiring prompt intervention to ensure adequate oxygenation and prevent respiratory failure. Monitoring for labored breathing allows healthcare providers to promptly assess and manage the child's respiratory status, potentially preventing further complications associated with RSV infection.
3. When developing a behavior modification program for an extremely aggressive 10-year-old boy, what should the nurse do first?
- A. Identify what activities, foods, and toys the child enjoys
- B. Assess the child's previous reactions to punishment
- C. Offer the child positive feedback
- D. Involve other children on the unit in describing the token system
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The first step in developing a behavior modification program for an extremely aggressive 10-year-old boy is to identify what activities, foods, and toys the child enjoys. Understanding the child's motivations is crucial in creating an effective behavior modification plan tailored to his interests and preferences, which can help in positively reinforcing desired behaviors.
4. The caregiver is caring for a 2-month-old infant with a diagnosis of bronchiolitis. Which assessment finding would be most concerning to the caregiver?
- A. Nasal flaring and grunting
- B. Coughing and wheezing
- C. Poor feeding and irritability
- D. Increased respiratory rate
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Nasal flaring and grunting are indicative of respiratory distress, suggesting the infant is having difficulty breathing. This finding requires immediate attention as it signifies a more severe respiratory compromise compared to the other symptoms listed.
5. A 10-year-old child is being discharged after being admitted for status asthmaticus. Which instruction is most important for the nurse to include in the discharge teaching?
- A. Use a peak flow meter daily to monitor asthma control
- B. Avoid exposure to known allergens
- C. Continue taking asthma medications as prescribed
- D. Seek emergency care if symptoms worsen
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Using a peak flow meter daily is crucial as it helps monitor asthma control by measuring how well the child's lungs are functioning. This monitoring can indicate when intervention is needed before symptoms worsen or become severe, allowing for timely management of asthma exacerbations.
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