HESI RN
HESI Practice Test Pediatrics
1. A 6 year old who has asthma is demonstrating a prolonged expiratory phase and wheezing and has a 35% of personal best peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Based on these findings, what actions should the nurse take first?
- A. Administer a prescribed bronchodilator.
- B. Encourage the child to cough and deep breath.
- C. Report findings to the health care provider.
- D. Determine what triggers precipitated this attack.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Administering a bronchodilator will help open the airways and improve breathing.
2. What is the most suitable toy for a 3-year-old boy receiving weekly chemotherapy treatment?
- A. Bouncy ball
- B. Coloring book with crayons
- C. Duck that squeaks
- D. Remote-controlled car
Correct answer: B
Rationale: A coloring book with crayons is the best choice as it is safe, engaging, and can provide a distraction during treatment without posing any safety risks. Coloring activities can help keep the child occupied, promote creativity, and offer a calming and therapeutic outlet during chemotherapy sessions.
3. The parents of a 3-year-old boy who has Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) ask, 'how can our son have this disease? We are wondering if we should have any more children.' What information should the nurse provide these parents?
- A. This is an inherited X-linked recessive disorder, which primarily affects male children in the family.
- B. The male infant had a viral infection that went unnoticed and untreated, leading to muscle damage.
- C. The lack of the protein dystrophin in the mother can impact the muscle groups of males.
- D. Damage to the spinal cord due to birth trauma from a breech vaginal birth weakens the muscles.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The nurse should inform the parents that Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an X-linked recessive disorder, which primarily affects male children in the family. This genetic condition is caused by a mutation in the dystrophin gene located on the X chromosome. Females are usually carriers of the gene mutation and may pass it on to their sons. Daughters of carrier mothers have a 50% chance of being carriers themselves. Understanding the genetics of DMD can help the parents make informed decisions about family planning and genetic counseling.
4. When caring for a 4-year-old child diagnosed with celiac disease, the parent asks about foods to avoid. Which response by the nurse is correct?
- A. Avoid all dairy products
- B. Avoid foods containing wheat, barley, and rye
- C. Avoid all foods high in sugar
- D. Avoid foods with artificial coloring
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Celiac disease is managed with a strict gluten-free diet, necessitating the avoidance of foods containing wheat, barley, and rye. Gluten is found in these grains and can trigger an immune response in individuals with celiac disease, leading to damage to the small intestine. Therefore, it is essential for individuals with celiac disease, including children, to carefully avoid gluten-containing foods to maintain their health and well-being.
5. What suggestion should the nurse provide to prevent diaper rash in a 4-month-old infant as requested by the mother?
- A. Generously powder the baby's diaper area with talcum powder at each diaper change to promote dryness.
- B. Wash the diaper area every 2 hours with soap and water to help prevent skin breakdown.
- C. Use a barrier cream, such as zinc oxide, which does not have to be completely removed with each diaper change.
- D. Place a cloth diaper inside the disposable diaper for overnight periods when increased wearing time is likely.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Using a barrier cream like zinc oxide forms a protective layer on the skin, creating a barrier against irritants and moisture, thus helping to prevent diaper rash. Unlike other options, barrier creams do not need to be completely removed at each diaper change, allowing the skin to remain protected between changes.
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