HESI RN
Leadership HESI Quizlet
1. A client with hyperaldosteronism is at risk for which of the following electrolyte imbalances?
- A. Hyperkalemia
- B. Hyponatremia
- C. Hypokalemia
- D. Hypercalcemia
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In hyperaldosteronism, there is an excessive secretion of aldosterone, a hormone that promotes potassium excretion in the kidneys. This leads to low potassium levels in the blood, known as hypokalemia. Therefore, the correct answer is hypokalemia (Choice C). Hyperkalemia (Choice A) is the opposite condition, where there is high potassium levels in the blood and is not typically associated with hyperaldosteronism. Hyponatremia (Choice B) is a low sodium level, which is not directly related to aldosterone function. Hypercalcemia (Choice D) is an elevated calcium level and is not typically a direct result of hyperaldosteronism.
2. A client with type 2 diabetes mellitus is taking metformin. The nurse should monitor the client for which of the following potential side effects?
- A. Lactic acidosis
- B. Hypokalemia
- C. Hyperglycemia
- D. Weight gain
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Lactic acidosis. Metformin, a common medication for type 2 diabetes mellitus, can lead to lactic acidosis, particularly in individuals with renal impairment or other predisposing factors. Monitoring for signs and symptoms of lactic acidosis, such as muscle pain, weakness, trouble breathing, dizziness, and slow or irregular heartbeat, is crucial when a client is taking metformin. Choice B, hypokalemia, is not a common side effect of metformin. Choice C, hyperglycemia, is contrary to the intended effect of metformin, which is to lower blood glucose levels. Choice D, weight gain, is not typically associated with metformin use; in fact, metformin may even contribute to weight loss in some individuals.
3. The client with type 1 diabetes mellitus is being educated by the nurse about the signs of hypoglycemia. Which of the following symptoms should the client be instructed to report immediately?
- A. Shakiness
- B. Sweating
- C. Confusion
- D. Increased thirst
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Confusion is a critical symptom of hypoglycemia that may indicate a more severe drop in blood glucose levels. Immediate reporting of confusion is crucial as it could progress rapidly to unconsciousness or seizures, necessitating prompt intervention. Shakiness and sweating are common early signs of hypoglycemia but may not require immediate intervention unless other severe symptoms present. Increased thirst is more indicative of hyperglycemia rather than hypoglycemia, and while it should be monitored, it is not a symptom requiring immediate reporting.
4. A client with hyperthyroidism is receiving radioactive iodine therapy. The nurse should monitor for which of the following side effects?
- A. Hypothyroidism
- B. Hyperkalemia
- C. Hyponatremia
- D. Hypercalcemia
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hypothyroidism. Radioactive iodine therapy is used to treat hyperthyroidism by destroying thyroid tissue and reducing hormone production. This can lead to an underactive thyroid, resulting in hypothyroidism. Hyperkalemia (choice B) is an elevated potassium level, usually not associated with radioactive iodine therapy. Hyponatremia (choice C) is a low sodium level, which is also not a common side effect of this therapy. Hypercalcemia (choice D) is an elevated calcium level, unrelated to radioactive iodine therapy for hyperthyroidism.
5. Which of the following ethical principles is demonstrated when a nurse provides truthful information to a patient?
- A. Veracity
- B. Autonomy
- C. Justice
- D. Nonmaleficence
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Veracity. Veracity is the ethical principle of truthfulness and honesty in communication. When a nurse provides truthful information to a patient, it demonstrates integrity and respect for the patient's right to know the truth about their health condition and treatment. Choice B, Autonomy, refers to respecting the patient's right to make their own decisions. Choice C, Justice, involves fairness and equality in healthcare decisions. Choice D, Nonmaleficence, relates to the obligation to do no harm and prevent harm to the patient.
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