HESI RN
HESI Nutrition Proctored Exam Quizlet
1. When caring for a client with a post right thoracotomy who has undergone an upper lobectomy, the nurse focuses on pain management to promote
- A. Relaxation and sleep
- B. Deep breathing and coughing
- C. Incisional healing
- D. Range of motion exercises
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Effective pain management encourages deep breathing and coughing, which are crucial for preventing complications after thoracic surgery. These actions help prevent respiratory complications such as pneumonia and atelectasis, promote lung expansion, and improve oxygenation. While relaxation and sleep are important for recovery, the priority after a thoracotomy and lobectomy is to prevent respiratory issues. Incisional healing is important but not the primary focus immediately post-surgery. Range of motion exercises are not directly related to promoting recovery after thoracic surgery.
2. Which of these nursing diagnoses of 4 elderly clients would place 1 client at the greatest risk for falls?
- A. Sensory perceptual alterations related to decreased vision
- B. Alteration in mobility related to fatigue
- C. Impaired gas exchange related to retained secretions
- D. Altered patterns of urinary elimination related to nocturia
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Altered patterns of urinary elimination related to nocturia. Nocturia increases the risk of falls in elderly clients due to frequent nighttime trips to the bathroom. Choice A is incorrect because while decreased vision can contribute to falls, nocturia poses a more direct risk. Choice B is incorrect as fatigue may affect mobility but is not as directly linked to falls as nocturia. Choice C is incorrect as impaired gas exchange is not typically associated with an increased risk of falls.
3. Which information is a priority for the client to reinforce after intravenous pyelography?
- A. Eat a light diet for the rest of the day
- B. Rest for the next 24 hours as the preparation and test are tiring.
- C. During waking hours, drink at least 1 8-ounce glass of fluid every hour for the next 2 days
- D. Measure urine output for the next day and immediately notify the healthcare provider if it decreases.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: After intravenous pyelography, monitoring urine output is crucial to assess kidney function and detect any early signs of complications. Decreased urine output could indicate a problem with kidney function or potential complications from the procedure. While rest and hydration are important, the priority lies in monitoring urine output for any abnormalities. Eating a light diet may be recommended, but it is not the priority post-procedure instruction.
4. A nurse is providing care to a 63-year-old client with pneumonia. Which intervention promotes the client's comfort?
- A. Increase oral fluid intake
- B. Encourage visits from family and friends
- C. Keep conversations short
- D. Monitor vital signs frequently
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Keeping conversations short is the most appropriate intervention to promote comfort for a client with pneumonia. Pneumonia can be physically exhausting, and limiting the length of conversations helps conserve the client's energy. Encouraging visits from family and friends (Choice B) may be emotionally supportive but might not directly promote comfort in the context of conserving energy during recovery. Increasing oral fluid intake (Choice A) is important for hydration but may not directly address the client's comfort. Monitoring vital signs frequently (Choice D) is essential for assessing the client's condition but does not directly promote comfort.
5. A client who has received treatment for kidney stones should be reminded to increase intake of which of the following?
- A. Tea
- B. Sodium
- C. Water
- D. Protein
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Water. Increasing water intake helps prevent the formation of new kidney stones by diluting the urine. Tea (Choice A) contains oxalates, which can contribute to kidney stone formation. Sodium (Choice B) should be limited to prevent the risk of certain types of kidney stones. Protein (Choice D) intake should be moderate as excessive protein consumption may increase the risk of kidney stones. Therefore, advising the client to increase water intake is the most appropriate recommendation to prevent the recurrence of kidney stones.
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