Nursing Elites

1. In which of the following does cellular respiration take place?

• A. Golgi apparatus
• B. Mitochondrion
• C. Chloroplast
• D. Ribosome

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Mitochondrion. Cellular respiration occurs in the mitochondria, where glucose is converted into energy through a series of metabolic processes. Choice A, Golgi apparatus, is incorrect as it is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins. Choice C, Chloroplast, is incorrect as it is the site of photosynthesis in plant cells, not cellular respiration. Choice D, Ribosome, is incorrect as it is responsible for protein synthesis, not energy production through cellular respiration.

2. Which of the following options identifies the products of cell respiration?

• A. Water, carbon dioxide, and oxygen
• B. Glucose and oxygen
• C. Water, carbon dioxide, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
• D. Water, glucose, and oxygen

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Water, carbon dioxide, and adenosine triphosphate (ATP).' During cellular respiration, glucose is broken down in the presence of oxygen to produce water, carbon dioxide, and ATP. Choice A is incorrect as oxygen is not a product of cell respiration but a reactant. Choice B is incorrect as it lists glucose and oxygen, which are actually reactants in the process. Choice D is incorrect as glucose is not a product of cell respiration but a substrate that is broken down to release energy.

3. Which of the following makes it possible to predict the genotype and phenotype of the offspring of sexual reproduction?

• A. Punnett square
• B. Chi-square
• C. Microscope
• D. None of these

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Punnett square. A Punnett square is a tool specifically designed to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of offspring resulting from a particular cross or breeding experiment. It helps in understanding the probability of different genotypes and phenotypes appearing in the offspring. Choice B, Chi-square, is a statistical test used to determine if there is a significant difference between the expected frequencies and the observed frequencies in a study. Choice C, Microscope, is used for viewing tiny structures and organisms, not for predicting genetic outcomes. Choice D, None of these, is incorrect as Punnett square is a valid tool for predicting genetic outcomes in offspring.

4. Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of lipids and steroid hormones?

• A. Rough endoplasmic reticulum
• B. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
• C. Golgi apparatus
• D. Ribosomes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is the correct organelle responsible for the synthesis of lipids, including phospholipids, cholesterol, and steroid hormones. The rough endoplasmic reticulum is primarily involved in protein synthesis and processing, making choice A incorrect. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for transportation, so it is not directly involved in lipid and steroid hormone synthesis, making choice C incorrect. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis and are not involved in lipid or steroid hormone synthesis, making choice D incorrect.

5. Which of the following terms is used to represent two alleles that are the same type?

• A. Homosynchronous
• B. Hypersynchronous
• C. Heterozygous
• D. Homozygous

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D, 'Homozygous.' Homozygous refers to having two identical alleles for a particular gene. In this context, 'Homosynchronous' (choice A) is not a recognized genetic term. 'Hypersynchronous' (choice B) is not a term used in genetics. 'Heterozygous' (choice C) refers to having two different alleles for a particular gene, which is the opposite of homozygous.

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