HESI RN
HESI RN Exit Exam Capstone
1. Where should the healthcare provider consider starting a screening program for hypothyroidism?
- A. A business and professional women’s group.
- B. An African-American senior citizens' center.
- C. A daycare center in a Hispanic neighborhood.
- D. An after-school center for Native American teens.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: An African-American senior citizens' center is the most appropriate location to start a screening program for hypothyroidism. Older adults are at an increased risk of hypothyroidism, and African-Americans are more likely to be underserved in healthcare. Therefore, targeting this group can help in early detection and management of hypothyroidism. The other options, such as a business and professional women’s group, a daycare center in a Hispanic neighborhood, and an after-school center for Native American teens, do not align as closely with the demographic at higher risk for hypothyroidism.
2. A client with hypothyroidism is prescribed levothyroxine. What assessment finding suggests the medication dosage is too high?
- A. Increased sensitivity to cold.
- B. Increased heart rate and palpitations.
- C. Improved energy levels.
- D. Improved tolerance to heat.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Increased heart rate and palpitations. When a client with hypothyroidism is prescribed levothyroxine, these symptoms may indicate that the dosage is too high, causing the client to develop hyperthyroidism. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Increased sensitivity to cold is a symptom of hypothyroidism, improved energy levels are an expected outcome of levothyroxine therapy for hypothyroidism, and improved tolerance to heat is not a common sign of levothyroxine overdose.
3. A client is newly prescribed lithium for bipolar disorder. Which finding is most important to report to the healthcare provider?
- A. A serum lithium level of 1.2 mEq/L.
- B. Fine hand tremors noted after starting the medication.
- C. A blood pressure of 110/60 mmHg.
- D. A serum sodium level of 140 mEq/L.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Fine hand tremors noted after starting lithium are an early sign of lithium toxicity. It is crucial to report this finding to the healthcare provider promptly. Adjusting the dose or monitoring serum levels more closely may be necessary to prevent further toxicity. Choice A, a serum lithium level of 1.2 mEq/L, is within the therapeutic range (0.6-1.2 mEq/L) for treating bipolar disorder. Choice C, a blood pressure of 110/60 mmHg, and Choice D, a serum sodium level of 140 mEq/L, are within normal limits and not directly related to lithium therapy or toxicity.
4. A nurse is caring for a client with a chest tube following lung surgery. What is the most important intervention to ensure the chest tube functions properly?
- A. Clamp the tube if there is excessive drainage
- B. Empty the drainage chamber every 2 hours
- C. Keep the drainage system below chest level
- D. Milk the tube to prevent clots from forming
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Keeping the chest tube drainage system below chest level ensures that gravity assists with drainage and prevents fluid or air from flowing back into the pleural space, which could compromise lung function. Clamping the tube if there is excessive drainage (choice A) is incorrect as it can lead to a buildup of pressure and compromise the drainage system. Emptying the drainage chamber every 2 hours (choice B) is important but not as crucial as maintaining the drainage system below chest level. Milking the tube to prevent clots from forming (choice D) is incorrect and could lead to complications such as tube occlusion or damage to the tissue.
5. Which intervention should the nurse include in the care plan for a child with tetanus?
- A. Ensure proper hydration
- B. Administer prescribed antibiotics
- C. Monitor vital signs frequently
- D. Minimize the amount of stimuli in the room
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct intervention for a child with tetanus is to minimize the amount of stimuli in the room. Tetanus causes severe muscle spasms and sensitivity to stimuli, so reducing stimuli like light, sound, and touch can help prevent painful spasms. While ensuring proper hydration and administering antibiotics are essential components of care, minimizing stimuli is crucial for the child's comfort and safety as it directly addresses the symptoms associated with tetanus.
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