HESI RN
HESI RN Exit Exam Capstone
1. A client with Alzheimer's disease is prescribed donepezil. What is the most important teaching point?
- A. Take the medication as directed for best results.
- B. Report any unusual changes in behavior.
- C. This medication helps improve cognitive function.
- D. This medication is not a cure for Alzheimer's disease.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The most important teaching point for a client prescribed donepezil is that it helps improve cognitive function. While it is important to take the medication as directed for best results (choice A) and report any unusual changes in behavior (choice B), the key point is that donepezil is not a cure for Alzheimer's disease (choice D). Therefore, the correct answer is C.
2. A client is newly prescribed lithium for bipolar disorder. Which finding is most important to report to the healthcare provider?
- A. A serum lithium level of 1.2 mEq/L.
- B. Fine hand tremors noted after starting the medication.
- C. A blood pressure of 110/60 mmHg.
- D. A serum sodium level of 140 mEq/L.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Fine hand tremors noted after starting lithium are an early sign of lithium toxicity. It is crucial to report this finding to the healthcare provider promptly. Adjusting the dose or monitoring serum levels more closely may be necessary to prevent further toxicity. Choice A, a serum lithium level of 1.2 mEq/L, is within the therapeutic range (0.6-1.2 mEq/L) for treating bipolar disorder. Choice C, a blood pressure of 110/60 mmHg, and Choice D, a serum sodium level of 140 mEq/L, are within normal limits and not directly related to lithium therapy or toxicity.
3. A client asks the nurse for information about reducing risk factors for BPH. Which information should the nurse provide?
- A. Increase physical activity
- B. Decrease alcohol consumption
- C. Reduce intake of dairy products
- D. Avoid caffeine and spicy foods
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Increase physical activity. Physical activity can help reduce the risk of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) by improving overall circulation and reducing inflammation. While decreasing alcohol consumption and avoiding caffeine and spicy foods may help with symptom management, increasing physical activity is more strongly linked to the prevention of BPH.
4. The nurse is preparing a teaching plan for a client diagnosed with asthma. The primary purpose of the plan is to
- A. Prevent respiratory infections
- B. Prevent airway inflammation
- C. Maintain an open airway
- D. Avoid allergens that trigger attacks
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Avoiding allergens that trigger asthma attacks is crucial in managing the condition and preventing exacerbations. While preventing respiratory infections and maintaining an open airway are important aspects of asthma management, the primary focus of the teaching plan is to help the client identify and avoid allergens that could trigger asthma attacks. This proactive approach can significantly reduce the frequency and severity of asthma symptoms.
5. A client is admitted with a suspected pulmonary embolism (PE). What is the nurse's priority intervention?
- A. Administer anticoagulant therapy as prescribed.
- B. Elevate the head of the bed to 45 degrees.
- C. Check the client's oxygen saturation.
- D. Prepare the client for a CT scan.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is to prepare the client for a CT scan. A CT scan is essential in confirming the presence of a pulmonary embolism (PE) and guiding further treatment. Administering anticoagulant therapy (Choice A) is important in the management of PE, but it is not the priority intervention in this case. Elevating the head of the bed (Choice B) is beneficial for optimizing oxygenation but is not the priority intervention when a PE is suspected. Checking the client's oxygen saturation (Choice C) is important, but obtaining a definitive diagnosis through a CT scan takes precedence in this situation.
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