HESI RN
Community Health HESI 2023
1. Because this year's demographics reflect that a large percentage of the population is less than 19 years of age, a community group proposes building a new well-child clinic. Which question indicates that the nurse understands the potential gaps in this data?
- A. What percentage of the population was under 19 years of age in each of the previous 5 years?
- B. What is the distribution of males to females within this population?
- C. How can the income level of the families within the community be determined?
- D. How will the large percentage under 19 years affect the community dependency ratio?
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Option A is the correct answer because understanding the percentage of the population under 19 years of age in each of the previous five years helps to determine if the high percentage of youth is a consistent trend or a recent change. This information is crucial for assessing the need for a new well-child clinic. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because they do not directly address the gaps in the data related to the age distribution trend over time, which is essential for making an informed decision about the necessity of the proposed clinic.
2. A public health nurse is working with a community to improve access to dental care. Which intervention is most likely to be effective?
- A. Setting up dental clinics in accessible locations
- B. Distributing flyers with information about dental services
- C. Offering transportation vouchers for dental appointments
- D. Partnering with local businesses to promote dental health
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Setting up dental clinics in accessible locations is the most effective intervention to improve access to dental care. By having dental clinics in easily reachable places, community members are more likely to seek and utilize dental services. Distributing flyers may raise awareness, but it may not address the issue of physical accessibility to dental care. Offering transportation vouchers could help with transportation barriers but might not address the core issue of proximity to dental services. Partnering with local businesses to promote dental health is a good initiative, but it may not directly improve access to dental care as setting up clinics in accessible locations would.
3. The healthcare professional is preparing to administer a blood transfusion to a client with anemia. Which action is most important to prevent a transfusion reaction?
- A. Check the client's vital signs before starting the transfusion.
- B. Use a blood filter when administering the transfusion.
- C. Verify the blood type and Rh factor with another healthcare professional.
- D. Administer antihistamines before starting the transfusion.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Verifying the blood type and Rh factor with another healthcare professional is the most crucial action to prevent a transfusion reaction. Ensuring compatibility between the donor blood and the recipient is essential in preventing adverse reactions such as hemolytic transfusion reactions. Checking vital signs is important for monitoring the client during the transfusion process but does not directly prevent a transfusion reaction. Using a blood filter can help remove clots and debris but does not address the risk of a reaction due to blood type incompatibility. Administering antihistamines before the transfusion is not a standard practice to prevent transfusion reactions related to blood type incompatibility.
4. A community health nurse is planning an intervention to reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes in the community. Which strategy is most effective?
- A. Hosting cooking classes on preparing healthy meals
- B. Offering free blood glucose screenings
- C. Distributing pamphlets on diabetes prevention
- D. Organizing a community walking program
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The most effective strategy to reduce the incidence of type 2 diabetes in the community is hosting cooking classes on preparing healthy meals. This intervention provides practical skills and education that can directly impact dietary habits, leading to a decreased risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Offering free blood glucose screenings (Choice B) may help in early detection but does not address prevention. Distributing pamphlets on diabetes prevention (Choice C) provides information but lacks the interactive and hands-on approach of cooking classes. Organizing a community walking program (Choice D) promotes physical activity, which is beneficial, but dietary changes have a more significant impact on preventing type 2 diabetes.
5. A client with a head injury is admitted to the hospital. Which finding indicates a need for immediate intervention?
- A. Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 15.
- B. Pupils are equal and reactive to light.
- C. Client is drowsy but arousable.
- D. Client does not remember the events leading to the injury.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In a client with a head injury, being drowsy but still arousable can be a sign of increased intracranial pressure, which necessitates immediate intervention. This presentation may indicate a deterioration in neurological status, requiring prompt assessment and management to prevent further complications. Choices A, B, and D are not indicative of an immediate need for intervention in this scenario. A Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) score of 15 indicates the highest level of consciousness; pupils being equal and reactive to light suggest intact cranial nerve function, and memory loss about the injury event is common in head injuries and does not necessarily warrant immediate intervention.
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