HESI RN
Pediatric HESI Quizlet
1. A mother brings her 3-month-old infant to the clinic because the baby does not sleep through the night. Which finding is most significant in planning care for this family?
- A. The mother is a single parent and lives with her parents
- B. The mother states the baby is irritable during feedings
- C. The infant’s formula has been changed twice
- D. The diaper area shows severe skin breakdown
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Severe skin breakdown in the diaper area is a significant finding indicating a potential health issue that needs immediate attention. It may be a sign of a skin condition, such as a diaper rash, which can cause discomfort and pain for the infant. Addressing this concern promptly is crucial to prevent further complications and ensure the baby's well-being. The other choices may also be important in assessing the overall situation of the family, but in terms of immediate care for the infant, the severe skin breakdown takes priority.
2. The mother of a 9-month-old girl provides the practical nurse with information about her daughter's diet. Which statement by the mother may indicate why the infant has been diagnosed with iron-deficiency anemia?
- A. She almost never drinks sugary water.
- B. She has been on whole milk for 7 months.
- C. She likes to chew on bread as a snack.
- D. She doesn't like to eat peaches or pears.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Infants should not be given cow's milk before 1 year of age as it can interfere with iron absorption and lead to anemia. Choice A is incorrect as avoiding sugary water is actually a good practice. Choice C is unrelated to iron-deficiency anemia. Choice D, not liking peaches or pears, is also not directly related to iron-deficiency anemia.
3. The healthcare provider is preparing to administer digoxin (Lanoxin) to a 6-month-old infant with heart failure. The healthcare provider notes that the infant’s heart rate is 90 beats per minute. What should the healthcare provider do next?
- A. Administer the medication as prescribed
- B. Hold the medication and notify the healthcare provider
- C. Reassess the heart rate in 30 minutes
- D. Administer half the prescribed dose
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In this scenario, the correct action is to hold the medication and notify the healthcare provider. Digoxin should be withheld if the infant’s heart rate is below 100 beats per minute. Administering digoxin in this situation can further slow down the heart rate in infants with heart failure, leading to potential adverse effects. Reassessing the heart rate in 30 minutes is not the best immediate action to take, as prompt notification and withholding of the medication are crucial. Administering the medication as prescribed or giving half the dose can exacerbate the situation by potentially further lowering the heart rate.
4. After reinforcing information on treating a sprained ankle, what statement by the adolescent indicates to the practical nurse that further instruction is needed?
- A. Keep the leg elevated when sitting.
- B. Wrap the ankle in an elastic bandage for support.
- C. Apply warm compresses to the ankle for the first 24 hours.
- D. Put an ice pack on the ankle, alternating 30 minutes on and 30 minutes off.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Applying warm compresses to a sprained ankle within the first 24 hours is incorrect as it can increase swelling and inflammation. Instead, cold compresses are recommended to help reduce swelling and pain. Option A, keeping the leg elevated, helps in reducing swelling. Option B, wrapping the ankle in an elastic bandage, provides support. Option D, using an ice pack in intervals, is effective in reducing swelling and pain. Therefore, the statement about applying warm compresses indicates the need for further instruction.
5. A child with cystic fibrosis is admitted to the hospital with respiratory distress. Which intervention should the practical nurse (PN) implement?
- A. Administer bronchodilators as prescribed.
- B. Limit fluid intake.
- C. Provide a high-fat diet.
- D. Encourage bed rest only.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Administering bronchodilators as prescribed is crucial for managing respiratory distress in children with cystic fibrosis. Bronchodilators help to open the airways, facilitating easier breathing for the child. Limiting fluid intake, providing a high-fat diet, or encouraging bed rest only are not appropriate interventions for respiratory distress associated with cystic fibrosis. Limiting fluid intake could worsen dehydration, a high-fat diet is not recommended due to pancreatic insufficiency in cystic fibrosis, and bed rest alone does not address the respiratory distress.
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