HESI RN
HESI RN Nursing Leadership and Management Exam 5
1. The client with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus is receiving education from the nurse on managing blood glucose levels. Which statement indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. I will monitor my blood glucose levels regularly.
- B. I can eat whatever I want as long as I take my medication.
- C. I should exercise regularly to help control my blood sugar.
- D. I will rotate my injection sites to avoid tissue damage.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Choice B indicates a need for further teaching because it suggests that the client can eat whatever they want as long as they take their medication, which is incorrect. Clients with diabetes mellitus need to follow a healthy and balanced diet in addition to taking their medication to effectively manage blood glucose levels. Choices A, C, and D are correct statements for managing diabetes. Monitoring blood glucose levels regularly, engaging in regular exercise to help control blood sugar, and rotating injection sites to avoid tissue damage are all important aspects of diabetes management.
2. What health concerns should Nurse Oliver expect a client with hypothyroidism to report?
- A. Increased appetite and weight loss
- B. Puffiness of the face and hands
- C. Nervousness and tremors
- D. Thyroid gland swelling
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Puffiness of the face and hands is a classic symptom of hypothyroidism. This occurs due to fluid retention and is commonly observed in individuals with an underactive thyroid gland. Increased appetite and weight loss (Choice A) are more indicative of hyperthyroidism, where there is an overproduction of thyroid hormones leading to increased metabolism. Nervousness and tremors (Choice C) are associated with hyperthyroidism, not hypothyroidism. Thyroid gland swelling (Choice D) typically indicates goiter, which can be present in both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism but is not a specific symptom that clients with hypothyroidism commonly report.
3. Which of the following is true about effective leadership?
- A. Leadership traits can be learned through experience and reflection.
- B. Nurses can learn to become good leaders by acting as good leaders and reflecting on leadership qualities they have and those they can improve upon.
- C. Focus on leadership activities required for the day is essential for effective leadership.
- D. Taking advantage of every opportunity to be a leader is crucial, creating those opportunities as often as possible, especially after gaining experience as a nurse.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Choice B is correct because nurses can develop effective leadership skills by actively engaging as good leaders and reflecting on their existing leadership qualities and areas for improvement. This process of self-assessment and continuous improvement is crucial in becoming a successful leader. Choice A is incorrect as leadership traits can be learned through experience and reflection rather than being impossible to acquire from a book. Choice C is incorrect as effective leadership involves focusing on long-term goals and strategies, not just daily activities. Choice D is incorrect because while seizing leadership opportunities is important, it should be done strategically and with a solid foundation of experience in nursing to ensure successful leadership outcomes.
4. A client with diabetes mellitus is receiving an oral antidiabetic medication. The nurse should monitor for which of the following adverse effects?
- A. Weight gain
- B. Hypoglycemia
- C. Hyperglycemia
- D. Bradycardia
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Hypoglycemia. When a client with diabetes mellitus is taking oral antidiabetic medication, the nurse should closely monitor for hypoglycemia, which is a common adverse effect. Hypoglycemia occurs when the blood sugar levels drop below normal range, leading to symptoms like confusion, shakiness, and sweating. Weight gain (Choice A) is not a typical adverse effect of oral antidiabetic medications. Hyperglycemia (Choice C) is the opposite of the desired effect of antidiabetic medications, which aim to lower blood sugar levels. Bradycardia (Choice D) is not directly associated with oral antidiabetic medications; it refers to a slow heart rate.
5. A client with Addison's disease is being educated on managing the condition. Which of the following statements indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. I should carry an emergency kit with hydrocortisone at all times.
- B. I need to increase my sodium intake during hot weather.
- C. I can skip my medication if I feel well.
- D. I should avoid stress as much as possible.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Clients with Addison's disease should not skip their medication, even if they feel well, as consistent medication is necessary to manage the condition. Choice A is correct as carrying an emergency kit with hydrocortisone is essential for managing potential adrenal crises. Choice B is correct as increasing sodium intake during hot weather helps prevent electrolyte imbalances. Choice D is correct as stress can trigger adrenal crisis in individuals with Addison's disease, so stress management is crucial.
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