HESI RN
Community Health HESI
1. The nurse is assessing a client with pneumonia. Which finding requires immediate intervention?
- A. Temperature of 99°F (37.2°C).
- B. Respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute.
- C. Heart rate of 90 beats per minute.
- D. Fatigue.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In a client with pneumonia, a heart rate of 90 beats per minute requires immediate intervention. Jugular vein distention indicates increased central venous pressure, suggesting possible complications like heart failure or fluid overload. Monitoring the heart rate closely and addressing any signs of heart failure promptly are crucial. A temperature of 99°F is within normal range and does not require immediate intervention. A respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute is also normal. Fatigue is a common symptom in pneumonia but does not indicate an immediate need for intervention compared to the critical nature of jugular vein distention.
2. The nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client with a new colostomy. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. I will avoid foods that cause gas.
- B. I will change my colostomy bag every week.
- C. I will use a skin barrier to protect the skin around the stoma.
- D. I will empty my colostomy bag when it is one-third full.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B. Changing the colostomy bag every week is not sufficient; it should be changed more frequently to prevent leakage and skin irritation. Option A is correct as avoiding foods that cause gas can help manage colostomy-related symptoms. Option C is correct as using a skin barrier helps protect the skin around the stoma. Option D is correct as emptying the colostomy bag when it is one-third full helps prevent leakage and discomfort.
3. A public health nurse is evaluating a program designed to reduce the incidence of diabetes in the community. Which outcome indicates that the program is successful?
- A. increased participation in diabetes education sessions
- B. higher rates of blood glucose monitoring
- C. reduced incidence of diabetes-related complications
- D. greater knowledge of diabetes prevention methods
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'reduced incidence of diabetes-related complications.' This outcome indicates that the program is successful because it shows that individuals are effectively managing their condition, leading to fewer complications. Increased participation in education sessions (choice A) and higher rates of blood glucose monitoring (choice B) are important but are more process indicators rather than direct outcomes of improved health. Greater knowledge of prevention methods (choice D) is beneficial but may not directly reflect a reduction in diabetes incidence or complications.
4. The public health nurse is evaluating resources in a rural community. Which healthcare resource is most important for the community?
- A. family planning center
- B. accessibility to trauma care
- C. annual health fair
- D. weather-related disaster plan
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In rural areas, accessibility to trauma care is the most critical healthcare resource due to the longer emergency response times. Trauma care can be life-saving in situations where immediate medical attention is required for severe injuries. The other options, such as a family planning center, annual health fair, and weather-related disaster plan, are important but not as crucial as trauma care in addressing urgent health needs in a rural community.
5. Which annual screening should the nurse include when planning eye health programs at a preschool?
- A. visual acuity
- B. red light reflex
- C. conjunctivitis
- D. glaucoma
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: visual acuity. Screening for visual acuity is essential in preschoolers to identify any vision issues early on, such as nearsightedness or farsightedness, which may require corrective lenses or other interventions. Red light reflex (choice B) is a method used to assess the eyes for abnormalities, but it is not typically included in routine preschool eye health screenings. Conjunctivitis (choice C) is an eye infection and not a screening test. Glaucoma (choice D) is a condition more commonly associated with adults and the elderly, making it less relevant for preschool eye health programs.
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