HESI RN
HESI Leadership and Management
1. A client with type 1 DM calls the nurse to report recurrent episodes of hypoglycemia with exercise. Which statement by the client indicates an inadequate understanding of the peak action of NPH insulin and exercise?
- A. The best time for me to exercise is every afternoon.
- B. The best time for me to exercise is right after I eat.
- C. The best time for me to exercise is after breakfast.
- D. The best time for me to exercise is after my morning snack.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Exercising in the afternoon may coincide with the peak action of NPH insulin, increasing the risk of hypoglycemia. The peak action of NPH insulin typically occurs 4-12 hours after administration, so exercising during this time can further lower blood sugar levels. Choices B, C, and D are better options as they suggest exercising at times that are less likely to overlap with the peak insulin action, reducing the risk of hypoglycemia.
2. A client with DM is experiencing symptoms of hypoglycemia. Which action should the nurse take first?
- A. Give the client a glass of orange juice.
- B. Administer insulin as ordered.
- C. Check the client's blood glucose level.
- D. Notify the healthcare provider.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct first action when a client with DM is experiencing symptoms of hypoglycemia is to check the client's blood glucose level. This step is crucial to confirm hypoglycemia before initiating any treatment. Giving the client orange juice (Choice A) is a common intervention for treating hypoglycemia, but it should not be done before confirming the blood glucose level. Administering insulin (Choice B) is not appropriate for hypoglycemia as it would further decrease the blood glucose levels. Notifying the healthcare provider (Choice D) can be important, but the immediate priority is to assess the blood glucose level to guide treatment.
3. Which nursing diagnosis takes the highest priority for a female client with hyperthyroidism?
- A. Risk for imbalanced nutrition: More than body requirements related to thyroid hormone excess
- B. Risk for impaired skin integrity related to edema, skin fragility, and poor wound healing
- C. Body image disturbance related to weight gain and edema
- D. Imbalanced nutrition: Less than body requirements related to thyroid hormone excess
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Imbalanced nutrition: Less than body requirements related to thyroid hormone excess. In hyperthyroidism, increased metabolic rate leads to increased nutritional needs, causing weight loss and muscle wasting. Therefore, addressing imbalanced nutrition due to excessive thyroid hormone is a priority. Choice A is incorrect as hyperthyroidism typically leads to weight loss, not weight gain. Choice B is less of a priority as skin issues are secondary to the metabolic disturbances caused by hyperthyroidism. Choice C, body image disturbance, is important but addressing the client's nutritional needs should take precedence to prevent further complications.
4. Which advice is most beneficial for a new nurse manager?
- A. Strive to embody the manager your staff desires while also aligning with your administration's expectations.
- B. Keep in mind that it may take 6 months to feel at ease in a new role.
- C. Begin by mentoring other novice nurse managers.
- D. Participate in substantial personal growth endeavors.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The most helpful advice for a new nurse manager is to understand that it can take up to 6 months to feel comfortable in a new position. This allows the individual to manage their expectations and give themselves time to adapt to their new role. Choice A may be overwhelming and could cause conflicting priorities for the new nurse manager. Choice C, while valuable, might not be the immediate focus for someone new to the role. Choice D, although important, may not be as time-sensitive as the adjustment period in the new position.
5. When caring for a male client with diabetes insipidus, what does Nurse Juliet expect to administer?
- A. Vasopressin (Pitressin Synthetic)
- B. Furosemide (Lasix)
- C. Regular insulin
- D. 10% dextrose
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Vasopressin (Pitressin Synthetic). Vasopressin is the treatment of choice for diabetes insipidus as it replaces the deficient antidiuretic hormone. Furosemide (Lasix) (choice B) is a diuretic and would exacerbate fluid loss, making it inappropriate for diabetes insipidus. Regular insulin (choice C) is used for diabetes mellitus, not diabetes insipidus, which involves water balance rather than glucose regulation. 10% dextrose (choice D) is used to treat hypoglycemia, not diabetes insipidus.
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