HESI RN
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1. A client with diabetes insipidus is being treated with desmopressin. The nurse should monitor for which of the following side effects?
- A. Hyponatremia
- B. Hypernatremia
- C. Hypokalemia
- D. Hypercalcemia
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Hyponatremia. Desmopressin, a medication used in diabetes insipidus, can cause water retention by increasing water reabsorption in the kidneys. This excess water retention can lead to dilutional hyponatremia, where sodium levels in the body become too low. Monitoring for hyponatremia is crucial to prevent complications such as neurological symptoms. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because desmopressin is not known to cause hypernatremia, hypokalemia, or hypercalcemia.
2. Which of the following charges could be filed if consent was not obtained before the surgery?
- A. False imprisonment
- B. Libel
- C. Battery
- D. Malpractice
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Battery. Performing surgery without obtaining consent is considered battery, as it involves intentional harmful or offensive contact without consent. False imprisonment (choice A) involves unlawful restraint or restriction of a person's freedom of movement, which is not applicable in this scenario. Libel (choice B) refers to written defamation that damages a person's reputation, which is not related to lack of consent in surgery. Malpractice (choice D) pertains to professional negligence or failure to meet a standard of care, which is a separate issue from obtaining consent for surgery.
3. As a nurse manager rounds on the unit, he speaks with staff, patients, and family members. Later in the day, he is in a meeting with administration. During the conversations, he considers how these interactions impact the care provided to patients on the unit. Which of the following interpersonal activities best describes this manager's actions?
- A. Networking
- B. Employee development
- C. Coaching
- D. Monitoring
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Networking.' Networking involves interacting with others to exchange information and develop professional or social contacts. In this scenario, the nurse manager engages in networking by speaking with staff, patients, family members, and administration to understand their perspectives and build relationships. This activity helps the manager gather insights that can positively impact patient care. Choice B, 'Employee development,' focuses on activities aimed at improving staff skills and performance, which is not the primary focus of the manager's actions described. Choice C, 'Coaching,' involves providing guidance and support to individuals to help them achieve specific goals, which is not explicitly depicted in the scenario. Choice D, 'Monitoring,' typically involves overseeing or supervising activities to ensure compliance with standards or objectives, which does not fully capture the manager's proactive engagement in building relationships and gathering information through interactions.
4. When instructing the female client diagnosed with hyperparathyroidism about diet, Nurse Gina should stress the importance of which of the following?
- A. Restricting fluids
- B. Restricting sodium
- C. Forcing fluids
- D. Restricting potassium
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Forcing fluids. Nurse Gina should stress the importance of forcing fluids to help prevent kidney stones and hypercalcemia in clients with hyperparathyroidism. Restricting fluids (choice A) is not recommended as dehydration can worsen the condition. Restricting sodium (choice B) is not directly related to the management of hyperparathyroidism. Restricting potassium (choice D) is not typically necessary in hyperparathyroidism unless hyperkalemia is present.
5. The nurse is teaching a client with newly diagnosed hyperthyroidism about the management of the condition. Which of the following statements by the client indicates a need for further teaching?
- A. I should take my medication every day as prescribed.
- B. I need to avoid foods high in iodine.
- C. I can skip my medication on days when I feel fine.
- D. I should monitor my pulse regularly.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Clients with hyperthyroidism should take their medication consistently and not skip doses, even if they feel well.
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