HESI RN
Leadership HESI
1. What clinical feature distinguishes a hypoglycemic reaction from a ketoacidosis reaction?
- A. Blurred vision.
- B. Diaphoresis.
- C. Nausea.
- D. Weakness.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Diaphoresis is the correct answer because it is more characteristic of hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia typically presents with symptoms such as diaphoresis (excessive sweating), palpitations, tremors, and anxiety. On the other hand, ketoacidosis is associated with symptoms such as fruity breath, deep and labored breathing (Kussmaul respirations), nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Blurred vision can occur in both hypoglycemia and ketoacidosis due to metabolic disturbances affecting the eyes. Weakness is a nonspecific symptom that can be present in both conditions, making it less helpful in distinguishing between the two.
2. A client with type 2 diabetes mellitus is being discharged after receiving initial treatment. What should the nurse emphasize as a crucial instruction?
- A. Take insulin as prescribed, even if you are not eating.
- B. Avoid all forms of physical exercise to prevent hypoglycemia.
- C. Monitor blood glucose levels regularly and report any changes.
- D. Stop taking oral antidiabetic medication if your blood glucose levels are normal.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Monitoring blood glucose levels regularly is a critical aspect of managing type 2 diabetes mellitus. This allows the individual to track their blood sugar levels, understand the effectiveness of the treatment plan, and detect any fluctuations promptly. Option A is incorrect because insulin should be taken based on a prescribed schedule that correlates with meals to prevent hypoglycemia or hyperglycemia. Option B is incorrect as physical exercise is beneficial for managing diabetes but should be done cautiously with adjustments in insulin or food intake. Option D is incorrect because discontinuing oral antidiabetic medications without healthcare provider guidance can lead to uncontrolled blood glucose levels.
3. Which of the following statements is true regarding followership and leadership?
- A. Effective leadership is more important than followership.
- B. Good leaders do not need to be good followers.
- C. A good follower is not just skilled but also self-directed.
- D. Critical thinking is only required for effective leadership.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'A good follower is not just skilled but also self-directed.' This statement is true as being self-directed complements effective leadership. Good followers possess the ability to take initiative, work independently, and contribute positively to a team without constant supervision. Option A is incorrect because followership is equally important as leadership in achieving group success. Option B is incorrect as good leaders often demonstrate qualities of good followership, such as being able to listen, collaborate, and support others. Option D is incorrect because critical thinking is essential for both effective leadership and followership, not exclusively for leadership roles.
4. In a male client with a history of hypertension diagnosed with primary hyperaldosteronism, the hypertension is caused by excessive hormone secretion from which of the following glands?
- A. Adrenal cortex
- B. Pancreas
- C. Adrenal medulla
- D. Parathyroid
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Primary hyperaldosteronism is characterized by excessive secretion of aldosterone from the adrenal cortex. Aldosterone, a hormone produced by the adrenal cortex, plays a crucial role in regulating blood pressure by promoting sodium and water retention in the kidneys. The adrenal medulla secretes catecholamines like epinephrine and norepinephrine, which are involved in the 'fight or flight' response, not in regulating blood pressure. The pancreas secretes insulin and glucagon, hormones involved in blood sugar regulation, not blood pressure. The parathyroid glands regulate calcium levels in the blood, not blood pressure.
5. The healthcare provider is assessing a client with hypothyroidism. Which of the following symptoms would the provider expect to find?
- A. Weight loss
- B. Heat intolerance
- C. Bradycardia
- D. Diarrhea
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Bradycardia is a common symptom of hypothyroidism because the condition leads to a decreased metabolic rate. Weight loss (Choice A) is more commonly associated with hyperthyroidism, where the metabolic rate is increased. Heat intolerance (Choice B) is also more indicative of hyperthyroidism due to increased sensitivity to heat. Diarrhea (Choice D) is not a typical symptom of hypothyroidism; rather, constipation is more common due to the slow-down of the digestive system.
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