HESI RN
Leadership HESI
1. A client with diabetes mellitus is being educated on the signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia. Which of the following symptoms should the client be instructed to report immediately?
- A. Shakiness
- B. Sweating
- C. Confusion
- D. Increased thirst
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Confusion is a critical symptom of hypoglycemia that indicates the brain is not receiving enough glucose, potentially leading to serious complications like unconsciousness or seizures. Immediate reporting of confusion is essential for prompt intervention to prevent worsening of hypoglycemia. Shakiness and sweating are early warning signs of hypoglycemia but may not always require immediate intervention. Increased thirst is a symptom commonly associated with hyperglycemia rather than hypoglycemia.
2. Which of the following statements is true regarding followership and leadership?
- A. Effective leadership is more important than followership.
- B. Good leaders do not need to be good followers.
- C. A good follower is not just skilled but also self-directed.
- D. Critical thinking is only required for effective leadership.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'A good follower is not just skilled but also self-directed.' This statement is true as being self-directed complements effective leadership. Good followers possess the ability to take initiative, work independently, and contribute positively to a team without constant supervision. Option A is incorrect because followership is equally important as leadership in achieving group success. Option B is incorrect as good leaders often demonstrate qualities of good followership, such as being able to listen, collaborate, and support others. Option D is incorrect because critical thinking is essential for both effective leadership and followership, not exclusively for leadership roles.
3. A nursing student needs to administer potassium chloride intravenously as prescribed to a client with hypokalemia. The nursing instructor determines that the student is unprepared for this procedure if the student states that which of the following is part of the plan for preparation and administration of the potassium?
- A. Obtaining a controlled IV infusion pump
- B. Monitoring urine output during administration
- C. Diluting an appropriate amount of normal saline
- D. Preparing the medication for bolus administration
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is preparing the medication for bolus administration (Choice D). Potassium should never be administered as a bolus because it can cause cardiac arrest. It must always be diluted and given slowly. Obtaining a controlled IV infusion pump (Choice A) is essential for accurate delivery, monitoring urine output during administration (Choice B) helps assess the client's response, and diluting an appropriate amount of normal saline (Choice C) is necessary to prevent irritation and ensure safe administration.
4. The client has syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH). Which intervention is most appropriate?
- A. Encourage increased fluid intake
- B. Administer hypertonic saline
- C. Monitor for signs of dehydration
- D. Restrict oral fluids
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct intervention for a client with syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is to restrict oral fluids. This is because SIADH leads to excessive production of antidiuretic hormone, causing water retention and dilutional hyponatremia. By restricting oral fluids, the nurse helps prevent further water retention and imbalance of electrolytes. Encouraging increased fluid intake (Choice A) would exacerbate the condition by further increasing fluid retention. Administering hypertonic saline (Choice B) is not the primary treatment for SIADH, as it may worsen the imbalance. Monitoring for signs of dehydration (Choice C) is not appropriate since SIADH leads to water retention, not dehydration.
5. Which of the following ethical principles involves the fair and equitable distribution of resources?
- A. Justice
- B. Fidelity
- C. Autonomy
- D. Veracity
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Justice. Justice is the ethical principle that focuses on the fair and equitable distribution of resources, ensuring that all individuals receive appropriate care based on their needs. Fidelity (B) refers to being faithful or loyal to commitments and obligations. Autonomy (C) relates to respecting an individual's right to make their own decisions. Veracity (D) pertains to truthfulness and honesty in communication with patients.
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