HESI RN
Reproductive Health Exam
1. Which structure maintains the uterus in an anteverted and anteflexed position?
- A. Round ligaments
- B. Broad ligaments
- C. Cardinal ligaments
- D. Pubocervical ligaments
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is the Round ligaments. The round ligaments are responsible for maintaining the uterus in an anteverted and anteflexed position. These ligaments attach from the sides of the uterus and extend through the inguinal canal to the labia majora. The other choices, Broad ligaments, Cardinal ligaments, and Pubocervical ligaments, have different functions and attachments within the pelvis. Broad ligaments are a double layer of peritoneum that encloses the uterus and supports the uterine tubes. Cardinal ligaments provide support to the cervix and upper vagina. Pubocervical ligaments support the cervix and bladder.
2. Discuss the anatomical/physiological changes in pregnancy under the following: Kidney/renal system
- A. Kidneys increase in size, pelvis dilates, ureters elongate and dilate, and the glomerular filtration rate increases.
- B. Kidneys decrease in size, and glomerular filtration rate decreases.
- C. There is no change in kidney size or ureter function, but the glomerular filtration rate decreases.
- D. Kidneys shrink, and ureters remain the same.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: During pregnancy, the kidneys increase in size, the pelvis dilates, ureters elongate and dilate, and the glomerular filtration rate increases. This is due to the increased metabolic demands and hormonal changes during pregnancy. Choice B is incorrect as the kidneys do not decrease in size, and the glomerular filtration rate actually increases. Choice C is incorrect as there are changes in kidney size and ureter function during pregnancy. Choice D is incorrect as the kidneys do not shrink during pregnancy.
3. Legislation allowing nursing staff to provide contraceptives has resulted in all of the following EXCEPT:
- A. More nursing staff have been trained to provide family planning services
- B. Many population and family planning organizations have emerged
- C. Enhanced implementation of population and family planning programs
- D. Male involvement in family planning services
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Male involvement in family planning services has not significantly resulted from legislation allowing nursing staff to provide contraceptives. While legislation has led to more nursing staff being trained, the emergence of population and family planning organizations, and enhanced implementation of programs, it has not directly impacted male involvement in family planning.
4. What is the term used to describe the gestational sac surrounded by a blood clot and retained in the tube?
- A. A carneous mole.
- B. A hydatidiform mole.
- C. A vesicular mole.
- D. A chorionic mole.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: a carneous mole. A carneous mole occurs when a gestational sac is surrounded by a blood clot and retained in the tube. Choice B, a hydatidiform mole, is incorrect as it refers to an abnormal pregnancy characterized by the presence of hydropic chorionic villi. Choice C, a vesicular mole, is also incorrect as it is another term for a complete hydatidiform mole. Choice D, a chorionic mole, is not a recognized medical term and is therefore incorrect.
5. A solid ball of 12-16 cells having undergone mitotic division after fertilization is:
- A. Zygote
- B. Blastomere
- C. Morula
- D. Blastocyst
Correct answer: C
Rationale: A morula is a stage in embryonic development where a solid ball of 12-16 cells is formed after several rounds of mitotic division following fertilization. The zygote is the initial cell formed by the fusion of sperm and egg. Blastomere refers to individual cells in a developing embryo. A blastocyst is a later stage where a fluid-filled cavity forms within the embryo. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Morula.'
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