HESI RN
Reproductive Health Exam
1. During menopause, what do ovaries stop producing?
- A. Progesterone and Estrogen
- B. Prolactin
- C. Human chorionic gonadotropin
- D. Oxytocin
Correct answer: A
Rationale: During menopause, the ovaries stop producing progesterone and estrogen. Progesterone and estrogen are hormones essential for the menstrual cycle and reproductive functions. Prolactin is a hormone responsible for milk production in the breasts and is not primarily produced by the ovaries. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is produced during pregnancy to support the production of progesterone and estrogen. Oxytocin is a hormone involved in labor and breastfeeding, not primarily produced by the ovaries.
2. Legislation allowing nursing staff to provide contraceptives has resulted in all of the following EXCEPT:
- A. More nursing staff have been trained to provide family planning services
- B. Many population and family planning organizations have emerged
- C. Enhanced implementation of population and family planning programs
- D. Male involvement in family planning services
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Male involvement in family planning services has not significantly resulted from legislation allowing nursing staff to provide contraceptives. While legislation has led to more nursing staff being trained, the emergence of population and family planning organizations, and enhanced implementation of programs, it has not directly impacted male involvement in family planning.
3. The structures of the vulva lie ____________ to the vagina.
- A. Posterior
- B. Inferior
- C. Lateral
- D. Superior
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is 'Inferior.' The structures of the vulva are positioned below the vagina, making them inferior. Choice A, 'Posterior,' refers to structures located at the back, not below the vagina. Choice C, 'Lateral,' means to the side, which is not the correct orientation in this context. Choice D, 'Superior,' indicates above, which is the opposite of the correct relationship described in the question.
4. A solid ball of 12-16 cells having undergone mitotic division after fertilization is:
- A. Zygote
- B. Blastomere
- C. Morula
- D. Blastocyst
Correct answer: C
Rationale: A morula is a stage in embryonic development where a solid ball of 12-16 cells is formed after several rounds of mitotic division following fertilization. The zygote is the initial cell formed by the fusion of sperm and egg. Blastomere refers to individual cells in a developing embryo. A blastocyst is a later stage where a fluid-filled cavity forms within the embryo. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Morula.'
5. Discuss the anatomical/physiological changes in pregnancy under the following: Kidney/renal system
- A. Kidneys increase in size, pelvis dilates, ureters elongate and dilate, and the glomerular filtration rate increases.
- B. Kidneys decrease in size, and glomerular filtration rate decreases.
- C. There is no change in kidney size or ureter function, but the glomerular filtration rate decreases.
- D. Kidneys shrink, and ureters remain the same.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: During pregnancy, the kidneys increase in size, the pelvis dilates, ureters elongate and dilate, and the glomerular filtration rate increases. This is due to the increased metabolic demands and hormonal changes during pregnancy. Choice B is incorrect as the kidneys do not decrease in size, and the glomerular filtration rate actually increases. Choice C is incorrect as there are changes in kidney size and ureter function during pregnancy. Choice D is incorrect as the kidneys do not shrink during pregnancy.
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