HESI RN
Leadership and Management HESI
1. A client with diabetes mellitus is experiencing symptoms of hypoglycemia. Which of the following is the nurse's priority action?
- A. Administer glucagon
- B. Check the client's blood glucose level
- C. Give the client a snack
- D. Notify the healthcare provider
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is to check the client's blood glucose level. This is the priority action to confirm hypoglycemia before implementing further interventions. Administering glucagon (Choice A) may be necessary in severe cases of hypoglycemia, but confirming the low blood glucose level is crucial before administering any treatment. Giving the client a snack (Choice C) can help raise blood sugar levels but should come after confirming the hypoglycemia. Notifying the healthcare provider (Choice D) is important, but the immediate priority is to assess and address the hypoglycemia.
2. A client with DM is being taught about the importance of monitoring blood glucose levels. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor blood glucose:
- A. Before meals and at bedtime.
- B. Only after meals.
- C. Only in the morning.
- D. Only when feeling unwell.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to monitor blood glucose levels before meals and at bedtime. This timing allows for a comprehensive understanding of how the body responds to food intake and to assess fasting glucose levels. Monitoring blood glucose only after meals (Choice B) may miss important pre-meal fluctuations. Checking glucose levels only in the morning (Choice C) overlooks the impact of meals throughout the day. Monitoring blood glucose only when feeling unwell (Choice D) is reactive and does not provide consistent data for managing diabetes effectively. Therefore, monitoring blood glucose before meals and at bedtime helps in maintaining good glucose control and preventing complications.
3. The client with DM is being taught about foot care. The nurse instructs the client to:
- A. Avoid hot water when bathing the feet.
- B. Apply a moisturizing lotion to the feet, especially between the toes.
- C. Use a heating pad to warm the feet if they feel cold.
- D. Go barefoot at home to allow the feet to air out.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is to avoid hot water when bathing the feet. This instruction is crucial because clients with diabetes may have decreased sensation in their feet, which can put them at risk of burns from hot water. Choice B is incorrect because applying moisturizing lotion between the toes can increase moisture and promote fungal growth. Choice C is incorrect because using a heating pad can also lead to burns due to decreased sensation. Choice D is incorrect as going barefoot can increase the risk of injury and infections in clients with diabetes.
4. The healthcare provider is assessing a client with hypothyroidism. Which of the following clinical findings would the healthcare provider expect?
- A. Tachycardia
- B. Weight loss
- C. Cold intolerance
- D. Diaphoresis
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Cold intolerance is a classic symptom of hypothyroidism. In hypothyroidism, the body's metabolic rate is decreased, leading to a reduced ability to regulate body temperature. As a result, individuals with hypothyroidism often feel cold, especially in their extremities. Tachycardia (A) is more commonly associated with hyperthyroidism due to the increased metabolic rate. Weight loss (B) is also a typical finding in hyperthyroidism, as the body burns calories at a faster rate. Diaphoresis (D), excessive sweating, is not a typical symptom of hypothyroidism.
5. Which of the following best describes the nurse's role in patient education?
- A. The nurse is responsible for providing patients with information they need to make informed decisions about their care.
- B. The nurse provides education to the patient and their family to help them understand the care plan and make informed decisions.
- C. The nurse is responsible for providing patients with written materials to help them understand their condition and treatment options.
- D. The nurse provides patients with verbal and written instructions on how to manage their care at home.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. The nurse's role in patient education involves providing patients with the necessary information to make informed decisions about their care. This includes explaining treatment options, potential risks and benefits, and answering any questions the patient may have. Choice B is incorrect because while nurses do educate patients and families, the primary focus is on empowering patients to make informed decisions. Choice C is incorrect as providing written materials is a part of patient education but not the sole responsibility of the nurse. Choice D is incorrect because while nurses do provide instructions on managing care at home, patient education goes beyond just the home care aspect to encompass a broader understanding of the patient's condition and treatment.
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