HESI RN
HESI Community Health
1. A client with a history of heart failure is admitted with severe dyspnea. Which laboratory result requires immediate intervention?
- A. Blood glucose of 150 mg/dL.
- B. Serum potassium of 3.5 mEq/L.
- C. Serum creatinine of 1.0 mg/dL.
- D. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) of 20 mg/dL.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. A serum creatinine level of 1.0 mg/dL is within the normal range. However, in a client with heart failure and severe dyspnea, fluid retention is a significant concern. An elevated serum creatinine level may indicate impaired kidney function, which can worsen fluid overload. Therefore, immediate intervention is required to prevent further complications. Choices A, B, and D are within normal ranges and not indicative of immediate intervention in this scenario.
2. The healthcare professional is developing a program to promote healthy eating habits in a community with high rates of obesity. Which strategy is most likely to be effective?
- A. distributing educational pamphlets about nutrition
- B. offering cooking classes that focus on healthy recipes
- C. launching a social media campaign about the risks of obesity
- D. providing free health screenings at community events
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Offering cooking classes that focus on healthy recipes is the most effective strategy among the choices provided. These classes not only provide valuable knowledge about nutrition but also offer hands-on experience in preparing healthy meals. This practical approach can significantly impact participants' behavior and increase the likelihood of them adopting healthier eating habits. Distributing educational pamphlets may not have the same level of engagement and interaction as cooking classes. A social media campaign, while informative, may not result in direct behavioral changes. Providing free health screenings, though beneficial for early detection, does not directly address the promotion of healthy eating habits, unlike the hands-on approach of cooking classes.
3. While screening all children in the third grade for head lice, the school nurse observes that one girl has a brownish thickening on her neck. Which action should the nurse take in response to this finding?
- A. review the child's medical folder for a list of allergies
- B. instruct the child's parents to begin treatment
- C. advise the child's parents to obtain a medical evaluation of the child
- D. none of the above
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct action for the nurse to take is to advise the child's parents to obtain a medical evaluation of the child. This is important because a medical professional needs to properly diagnose and treat the brownish thickening observed on the child's neck. Reviewing the child's medical folder for allergies (Choice A) is not appropriate in this situation as it does not address the specific concern. Instructing the child's parents to begin treatment (Choice B) without a proper diagnosis can be harmful and ineffective. Choosing 'none of the above' (Choice D) is not the best option when a potential health issue is identified; seeking a medical evaluation is the most appropriate course of action.
4. When developing a presentation on injury prevention for high school students in a health education class, which topic is most important for the nurse to include?
- A. Sports-related injuries
- B. Substance abuse
- C. Seat belt safety
- D. Pregnancy prevention
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Seat belt safety. This topic is crucial as it can significantly reduce the risk of injury or death in car accidents, which is a common cause of severe injuries among high school students. While sports-related injuries, substance abuse, and pregnancy prevention are important topics, seat belt safety directly addresses a preventable cause of injuries that can have immediate life-saving effects.
5. A client with chronic kidney disease is experiencing pruritus. Which intervention should the nurse include in the plan of care?
- A. Administer antihistamines as prescribed.
- B. Apply moisturizing lotion to the skin.
- C. Use cool water for bathing.
- D. Encourage a high-protein diet.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Correct. Administering antihistamines as prescribed is the appropriate intervention for a client with chronic kidney disease experiencing pruritus. Antihistamines can help reduce pruritus by blocking histamine receptors, which are often prescribed for such clients. Choice B, applying moisturizing lotion, may help with dry skin but will not directly address pruritus. Choice C, using cool water for bathing, may provide some relief but does not target the underlying cause of pruritus. Choice D, encouraging a high-protein diet, is not directly related to managing pruritus in chronic kidney disease.
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