HESI RN
HESI Community Health
1. During a follow-up home visit, the nurse observes that a client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is using accessory muscles to breathe and has a pulse oximetry reading of 88%. What action should the nurse take first?
- A. Administer a prescribed bronchodilator
- B. Increase the oxygen flow rate
- C. Instruct the client to perform pursed-lip breathing
- D. Notify the healthcare provider immediately
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In this situation, the nurse should first instruct the client to perform pursed-lip breathing. Pursed-lip breathing helps improve oxygenation and decrease the work of breathing in clients with COPD. Administering a bronchodilator or increasing the oxygen flow rate may be necessary interventions but addressing the breathing technique through pursed-lip breathing is the initial action to optimize oxygenation. Notifying the healthcare provider immediately is not the first action indicated in this scenario; the nurse should intervene promptly to assist the client in improving breathing before escalating the situation.
2. The healthcare professional is developing a community health program to address the high rates of childhood asthma in a neighborhood. Which intervention should the healthcare professional prioritize?
- A. conducting home visits to identify asthma triggers
- B. distributing asthma education materials at schools
- C. holding workshops on asthma management for parents
- D. partnering with local healthcare providers to offer free asthma screenings
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The healthcare professional should prioritize conducting home visits to identify asthma triggers as it is crucial for reducing asthma attacks in children. By identifying triggers in the home environment, interventions can be implemented to create a safer living space for children with asthma. This approach directly addresses the root cause of asthma exacerbations. Distributing asthma education materials at schools is beneficial for raising awareness but may not address individual triggers. Holding workshops on asthma management for parents is valuable for education but does not directly tackle trigger identification. Partnering with local healthcare providers to offer free asthma screenings focuses on detection rather than prevention through trigger identification.
3. During a repeat home visit to see an 84-year-old widow, the nurse discovers that the client is unkempt, smells of stale urine, and does not recognize her neighbors or the nurse. What action should the nurse take?
- A. Call the pharmacy to determine what medications she is taking
- B. Seek the family's assistance in taking care of the client
- C. Complete a physical and mental exam on the client
- D. Call the adult protective services to obtain emergency nursing home placement
Correct answer: C
Rationale: In this scenario, the nurse should prioritize completing a physical and mental exam on the client. This action is crucial to assess the client's health status comprehensively and identify any underlying issues contributing to her unkempt appearance, odor of stale urine, and confusion. Calling the pharmacy to determine medications (Choice A) may be important but is not the immediate priority. Seeking family assistance (Choice B) can be helpful, but the client's condition requires a thorough assessment first. While adult protective services (Choice D) may be necessary in the future, the immediate action should be to assess the client's physical and mental health status.
4. A public health nurse is planning a smoking cessation program for a local community. Which component is most important to include in the program?
- A. information on the health risks of smoking
- B. strategies for coping with withdrawal symptoms
- C. testimonials from former smokers
- D. distribution of nicotine replacement therapy
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The most important component to include in a smoking cessation program is strategies for coping with withdrawal symptoms. Withdrawal symptoms are a significant barrier to quitting smoking, and providing effective coping strategies can greatly increase the program's success. Choice A, providing information on the health risks of smoking, may be important but addressing withdrawal symptoms is more crucial. Testimonials from former smokers (Choice C) and distribution of nicotine replacement therapy (Choice D) are helpful but not as essential as addressing withdrawal symptoms directly.
5. A nurse is planning a community health fair to promote cardiovascular health. Which activity should be included to best engage participants?
- A. free blood pressure screenings
- B. lectures on heart-healthy diets
- C. distribution of pamphlets on heart disease
- D. cooking demonstrations of healthy recipes
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Offering free blood pressure screenings should be included in the community health fair to best engage participants. This activity provides immediate, valuable information about participants' cardiovascular health. Blood pressure screenings are interactive, engaging, and offer personalized insights that can motivate individuals to take action towards improving their heart health. Lectures on heart-healthy diets, distribution of pamphlets, and cooking demonstrations, although beneficial, may not have the same level of immediate impact and engagement as the hands-on experience of getting one's blood pressure checked.
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