HESI RN
HESI Nutrition Exam
1. The healthcare provider should recognize which of the following as an indication of dehydration in an elderly client?
- A. Skin turgor
- B. Dry mucous membranes
- C. Elevated temperature
- D. Increased pulse pressure
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Dry mucous membranes are a classic sign of dehydration, especially in elderly individuals. Dehydration can lead to decreased moisture in the mucous membranes, making them dry. Skin turgor, although commonly assessed for dehydration in younger individuals, may be less reliable in the elderly due to changes in skin elasticity. Elevated temperature is more indicative of an infection or other conditions. Increased pulse pressure is not typically associated with dehydration in the elderly.
2. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has Crohn's Disease and is experiencing frequent cramping and diarrhea. Which of the following statements should the nurse include in the teaching?
- A. Increase your caloric intake by eating foods high in protein.
- B. Include fresh fruits and vegetables at each meal.
- C. Maintain your weight by eating high-fat foods.
- D. Drink whole milk to ensure adequate calcium intake.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Increasing caloric intake by eating foods high in protein can help Crohn's Disease patients maintain their weight and manage symptoms. Choice B is incorrect because fresh fruits and vegetables may exacerbate symptoms due to their high fiber content. Choice C is incorrect as high-fat foods can be difficult to digest and may worsen symptoms. Choice D is incorrect because whole milk can be problematic for individuals with Crohn's Disease due to its high fat content.
3. A client who has chronic lymphocytic leukemia is starting chemotherapy treatments and asks if she needs to make any dietary changes. Which of the following statements by the nurse is appropriate?
- A. Use sugar-free gum if you experience a metallic taste in your mouth.
- B. Drink fluids at mealtime to prevent early satiety.
- C. Foods that are higher in fat can help nausea.
- D. Raw fruits and vegetables will be easier for your body to digest.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Using sugar-free gum can help alleviate the metallic taste often experienced during chemotherapy treatments. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Drinking fluids at mealtime may worsen early satiety, foods higher in fat can exacerbate nausea, and raw fruits and vegetables may be harder for the body to digest and may pose a risk of infection for individuals with compromised immune systems.
4. A nurse is to collect a sputum specimen for acid-fast bacillus (AFB) from a client. Which action should the nurse take first?
- A. Ask the client to cough sputum into a container
- B. Have the client take several deep breaths
- C. Provide an appropriate specimen container
- D. Assist with oral hygiene
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Assisting with oral hygiene is the essential initial step before collecting a sputum specimen for acid-fast bacillus (AFB) to prevent contamination of the sample. Ensuring the client's mouth is clean reduces the risk of introducing unwanted bacteria into the specimen. Asking the client to cough sputum into a container, having the client take deep breaths, and providing a specimen container are important steps in the specimen collection process, but they should follow ensuring proper oral hygiene.
5. A nurse is reinforcing teaching with a client who has neutropenia as a result of radiation therapy for the treatment of lung cancer. Which of the following should the nurse plan to include in the teaching?
- A. Increase fluid intake by drinking bottled water.
- B. A salad bar is a healthy choice when dining out.
- C. Soft-boiled eggs are an appropriate source of protein.
- D. Eating at buffets is a good choice to increase caloric intake.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Clients with neutropenia should avoid foods that may be contaminated to prevent infections. Increasing fluid intake is important to stay hydrated, but it's crucial to use safe sources like bottled water to reduce the risk of infection. Choices B, C, and D are not appropriate for a client with neutropenia. Salad bars may contain raw or unwashed produce, soft-boiled eggs may carry a risk of contamination, and buffets may have food items that are not recommended for someone with neutropenia.
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