HESI RN
Community Health HESI 2023 Quizlet
1. The nurse is assisting with the triage of clients at a large community disaster and finds a man lying on the ground, who states that the blast threw him out of a second-story window. Which action should the nurse implement first?
- A. Logroll the client to his side and assess for back injuries
- B. Perform a complete neurological assessment
- C. Open the client's airway immediately
- D. Place the nurse's hands around the client's neck to stabilize
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Opening the client's airway immediately is the priority in this scenario. Ensuring the airway is clear takes precedence over other actions as it is crucial for the client's breathing and oxygenation. Logrolling the client to assess for back injuries may worsen the condition if there are spinal injuries, so this should not be done as the first step. Performing a complete neurological assessment is important but not the immediate priority over ensuring the airway is clear. Placing the nurse's hands around the client's neck to stabilize is incorrect and could potentially harm the client, as neck stabilization should only be done if there is a suspected neck injury, which is not indicated in this case.
2. In a community clinic where a recent case of tuberculosis (TB) has been diagnosed, which client who attended the clinic is at the highest risk for presenting with TB?
- A. a young adult who works as a daycare worker
- B. an adult who works in a corporate office
- C. an adolescent who attends the community high school
- D. an adult with a history of alcoholism and homelessness
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Individuals who are homeless and have a history of alcoholism are at the highest risk for presenting with TB in this scenario. Homeless individuals often live in crowded conditions with poor ventilation, increasing the likelihood of TB transmission. Additionally, alcoholism can weaken the immune system, making individuals more susceptible to developing TB. The other options, such as a daycare worker, an office worker, or a high school student, do not inherently carry the same level of risk factors for TB transmission as being homeless with a history of alcoholism.
3. The healthcare provider is assessing a client who has returned from hemodialysis. Which finding requires immediate intervention?
- A. Weight gain of 1 pound.
- B. Dizziness.
- C. Fatigue.
- D. Muscle cramps.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: After hemodialysis, muscle cramps can indicate an electrolyte imbalance, such as low potassium or magnesium levels, which requires immediate intervention to prevent potential complications like cardiac arrhythmias. Weight gain of 1 pound, dizziness, and fatigue are common post-hemodialysis symptoms that may not necessarily require immediate intervention unless they are severe or persisting.
4. The nurse determines that a client's body weight is 105% above the standardized height-weight scale. Which related factor should the nurse include in the nursing problem, 'Imbalanced nutrition: More than body requirements'?
- A. Hypertension.
- B. Diabetes mellitus.
- C. Inadequate lifestyle changes in diet and exercise.
- D. Increased risk of chronic illnesses.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Inadequate lifestyle changes in diet and exercise.' When a client's weight exceeds the standardized height-weight scale significantly, it indicates an imbalance between nutrition intake and energy expenditure, leading to 'Imbalanced nutrition: More than body requirements.' Inadequate lifestyle changes in diet and exercise directly contribute to this imbalance by promoting excessive caloric intake and reduced physical activity. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because while conditions like hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and increased risk of chronic illnesses may be consequences of imbalanced nutrition, they are not the direct related factor that should be included in formulating the nursing problem.
5. The healthcare provider provides teaching to a group of evacuees in a mass casualty center after a natural flooding disaster. Which information should the healthcare provider include in the teaching plan? (select one that does not apply.)
- A. wash all fruits and vegetables thoroughly in running tap water
- B. identify all sexual contacts since the evacuation process
- C. take all doses of prophylactic prescriptions for diarrhea
- D. clean hands using soap, clean water, or waterless antibacterial solutions
Correct answer: B
Rationale: In the aftermath of a flooding disaster, educating evacuees on proper hygiene practices like washing fruits and vegetables, taking prophylactic prescriptions, and practicing hand hygiene is crucial to prevent the spread of diseases. Option B, identifying sexual contacts, is not relevant to preventing post-disaster health risks and should not be included in the teaching plan.
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