Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following is not true of mitosis?

• A. Mitosis produces daughter cells
• B. Mitosis has five main stages
• C. Mitosis can only be done by haploids
• D. Following mitosis, daughter cells are identical to parent cells

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C. Mitosis occurs in diploid cells and involves stages that result in the production of two identical daughter cells. Haploids do not undergo mitosis, as mitosis is a process specific to diploid cells. Choice A is true as mitosis does produce daughter cells. Choice B is incorrect as mitosis typically consists of four main stages: prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase. Choice D is true, as one of the main outcomes of mitosis is the production of daughter cells that are genetically identical to the parent cell.

2. Which of the following options is the term used to represent alternative versions of a gene?

• A. Alleles
• B. Binary fission
• C. Heterozygous
• D. Homozygous

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Alleles. Alleles are different forms of a gene that can exist at a specific locus on a chromosome. They represent variations in a gene's DNA sequence. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect. Binary fission is a form of asexual reproduction in single-celled organisms, while heterozygous and homozygous refer to different combinations of alleles in an individual, not the alternative versions of a gene.

3. Which cell structure is responsible for efficiently packaging DNA into a small volume to fit into the nucleus of a cell and protect the DNA structure and sequence?

• A. Golgi apparatus
• B. Chromatin
• C. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
• D. Mitochondria

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Chromatin. Chromatin is responsible for packaging DNA into a more compact, dense shape to fit into the nucleus of a cell. This compact packaging helps protect the DNA structure and regulate gene expression. The Golgi apparatus is involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in lipid metabolism and detoxification. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell, producing energy in the form of ATP.

4. Which of the following statements is most accurate regarding the transcription of DNA?

• A. RNA uses reverse transcriptase to make mRNA
• B. DNA uses mRNA to produce tRNA
• C. RNA creates a duplicate copy of DNA
• D. RNA copies DNA to produce mRNA

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D. During transcription, RNA copies DNA to produce mRNA, which carries the genetic information from DNA to the ribosomes for protein synthesis. Choice A is incorrect because reverse transcriptase is not involved in the transcription of DNA. Choice B is incorrect as DNA does not use mRNA to produce tRNA; tRNA is produced through a different process. Choice C is incorrect as RNA does not create a duplicate copy of DNA during transcription; it synthesizes mRNA by copying the DNA template.

5. What do prokaryotic cells lack in comparison to eukaryotic cells?

• A. A defined nucleus and a series of membrane-bound organelles
• B. A defined nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles
• C. No defined nucleus and a series of membrane-bound organelles
• D. No defined nucleus and no membrane-bound organelles

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Prokaryotic cells are characterized by the absence of a defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Choice A is incorrect because prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles. Choice B is incorrect because prokaryotic cells lack both a defined nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. Choice C is incorrect as prokaryotic cells have no defined nucleus. Therefore, the correct answer is D.

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