protein synthesis begins with a process known as transcription what is produced during this process

HESI RN

Biology Test

1. Protein synthesis begins with a process known as transcription. What is produced during this process?

A. A codon
B. A DNA helix
C. A DNA strand
D. An RNA strand

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: An RNA strand. During transcription, the DNA template is used to produce an RNA strand, not a codon, DNA helix, or another DNA strand. A codon is a sequence of nucleotides that specifies a particular amino acid during translation, not produced during transcription. A DNA helix refers to the double-stranded structure of DNA, which is not produced during transcription. Another DNA strand is not produced during transcription since the process involves creating an RNA copy of a specific gene.

2. What is located on the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A. Microvilli
B. Mitochondria
C. Lysosomes
D. Ribosomes

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The rough endoplasmic reticulum is studded with ribosomes, not microvilli, mitochondria, or lysosomes. Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis, making them an essential component of the rough endoplasmic reticulum.

3. What are the nitrogenous bases of DNA?

A. Adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine
B. Adenine, guanine, and uracil
C. Adenine, guanine, and thymine
D. Adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: Adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. These are the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA. Adenine pairs with thymine, and cytosine pairs with guanine, forming the complementary base pairs in the double helix structure of DNA. Choice B is incorrect because uracil is a nitrogenous base found in RNA, not DNA. Choice C is incorrect as it is missing cytosine, one of the four bases in DNA. Choice D is incorrect because uracil is not a nitrogenous base in DNA, and it also lacks thymine, which is essential for DNA structure.

4. Which of the following options correctly lists the five stages of mitosis in order from beginning to end?

A. Prophase, Prometaphase, Telophase, Metaphase, Anaphase
B. Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase
C. Metaphase, Anaphase, Prophase, Prometaphase, Telophase
D. Metaphase, Telophase, Anaphase, Prophase, Prometaphase

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct order of the stages of mitosis is Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase, and Telophase. Choice A is incorrect because it has Anaphase and Metaphase in the wrong order. Choice C is incorrect as it starts with Metaphase, which is not the first stage of mitosis. Choice D is incorrect as it also has the stages in the wrong order, and it starts with Metaphase, which is incorrect.

5. Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction by which offspring arise from:

A. Two identical cells
B. A single cell
C. Two cells
D. Four daughter cells

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Asexual reproduction is a type of reproduction where a single parent cell divides to produce genetically identical offspring. The correct answer is 'B: A single cell' because asexual reproduction does not involve the fusion of two cells. Choice A ('Two identical cells') is incorrect because asexual reproduction does not involve two cells. Choice C ('Two cells') is incorrect because asexual reproduction typically involves only one parent cell. Choice D ('Four daughter cells') is incorrect because asexual reproduction does not necessarily involve the production of four daughter cells.