Nursing Elites

1. Which bioterrorism agent is at high risk for use as a potential biological weapon that is readily transmitted by several portals of entry?

• A. anthrax
• B. smallpox
• C. botulism
• D. tularemia

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Anthrax is the correct answer. Anthrax spores can be transmitted through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact, making it a high-risk agent for bioterrorism. Smallpox, botulism, and tularemia are also potential bioterrorism agents, but they do not have the same versatility in terms of multiple portals of entry, unlike anthrax.

2. The nurse is teaching a group of high school adolescents about safety associated with traumatic injuries. Which factor causing spinal cord injuries should the nurse discuss with the adolescents?

• A. motor vehicle accidents
• B. violent assault
• C. sports injuries
• D. falls

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A: motor vehicle accidents. Motor vehicle accidents are a significant cause of spinal cord injuries among adolescents due to the high impact forces involved. While violent assault, sports injuries, and falls can also lead to spinal cord injuries, statistics show that motor vehicle accidents are a leading cause in this age group. Educating adolescents about the risks and preventive measures related to motor vehicle accidents is crucial in promoting their safety and well-being.

3. The nurse is assisting with the triage of clients at a large community disaster and finds a man lying on the ground, who states that the blast threw him out of a second-story window. Which action should the nurse implement first?

• A. Logroll the client to his side and assess for back injuries
• B. Perform a complete neurological assessment
• C. Open the client's airway immediately
• D. Place the nurse's hands around the client's neck to stabilize

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Opening the client's airway immediately is the priority in this scenario. Ensuring the airway is clear takes precedence over other actions as it is crucial for the client's breathing and oxygenation. Logrolling the client to assess for back injuries may worsen the condition if there are spinal injuries, so this should not be done as the first step. Performing a complete neurological assessment is important but not the immediate priority over ensuring the airway is clear. Placing the nurse's hands around the client's neck to stabilize is incorrect and could potentially harm the client, as neck stabilization should only be done if there is a suspected neck injury, which is not indicated in this case.

4. The nurse identifies a client's needs and formulates the nursing problem of 'Imbalance nutrition: Less than body requirements, related to mental impairment and decreased intake, as evidenced by increasing confusion and weight loss of more than 30 pounds over the last 6 months.' Which short-term goal is best for this client?

• A. Eat 50% of six small meals each day by the end of the week.
• B. Gain 5 pounds by the end of the month.
• C. Have increased caloric intake.
• D. Show improved nutritional status.

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The correct short-term goal for the client in this scenario is option A: 'Eat 50% of six small meals each day by the end of the week.' This goal is specific, measurable, and time-bound, which aligns with the SMART criteria for goal setting in nursing care. It addresses the client's nutritional needs directly, focusing on increasing meal frequency to meet body requirements and counteract weight loss. Option B, 'Gain 5 pounds by the end of the month,' is not as suitable as it lacks specificity and a short-term timeline, making it less achievable within the immediate care plan. Option C, 'Have increased caloric intake,' is vague and does not provide a measurable target for the client to work towards. Option D, 'Show improved nutritional status,' is a broad goal that lacks the specificity needed for effective short-term goal setting in nursing care. Therefore, option A is the most appropriate choice for this client's short-term goal.

5. A public health nurse is working with a community to improve vaccination rates. Which intervention is most likely to be effective?

• A. Setting up vaccination clinics in accessible locations
• B. Distributing flyers with information about vaccines
• C. Offering incentives for getting vaccinated
• D. Partnering with local businesses to promote vaccination

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Setting up vaccination clinics in accessible locations is the most effective intervention to improve vaccination rates. This intervention ensures easy access to vaccination services for community members, removing barriers such as transportation or time constraints. Distributing flyers (Choice B) may increase awareness but may not directly address access issues. Offering incentives (Choice C) might temporarily boost vaccination rates but may not lead to sustained behavior change. Partnering with local businesses (Choice D) could be beneficial for promotion but may not directly impact vaccination accessibility.

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