HESI RN
Biology Practice Test
1. What is considered the main objective of the translation stage of protein synthesis?
- A. To produce amino acids
- B. To produce nucleotides
- C. To produce fatty acids
- D. To produce nucleic acids
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: To produce amino acids. During the translation stage of protein synthesis, the mRNA is decoded to assemble a specific sequence of amino acids. These amino acids then fold into a functional protein. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the translation stage specifically deals with the production of amino acids, not nucleotides, fatty acids, or nucleic acids.
2. The nurse is providing dietary instructions to a client with DM. The nurse instructs the client to include which item in the diet?
- A. High-fat foods
- B. Low-carbohydrate foods
- C. High-protein foods
- D. High-fiber foods
Correct answer: D
Rationale: High-fiber foods are beneficial for clients with diabetes because they help regulate blood glucose levels by slowing down the absorption of sugar. Additionally, high-fiber foods aid in maintaining satiety, supporting weight management, and preventing constipation. High-fat foods (choice A) are not recommended for clients with diabetes due to their potential negative impact on heart health and weight. While low-carbohydrate foods (choice B) can be part of a diabetes-friendly diet, high-fiber foods are more specifically beneficial for managing blood sugar levels. High-protein foods (choice C) can be included in moderation in a diabetic diet, but they are not the primary focus when it comes to improving glycemic control.
3. After confirming that liquids are allowed, which assessment action should the nurse consider a priority for a client who is fully awake after a gastroscopy?
- A. Listen to bilateral lung and bowel sounds.
- B. Obtain the client's pulse and blood pressure.
- C. Assist the client to the bathroom to void.
- D. Check the client's gag and swallow reflexes.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: After a gastroscopy, it is crucial for the nurse to prioritize checking the client's gag and swallow reflexes before allowing them to drink anything. This is because the effects of local anesthesia need to dissipate, and the airway's protective reflexes, including the gag and swallow reflexes, must have returned to prevent aspiration. Listening to lung and bowel sounds (Choice A) may be important but does not take precedence over ensuring the client's safety post-gastroscopy. Obtaining the client's pulse and blood pressure (Choice B) is also important but not the priority in this scenario. Assisting the client to the bathroom to void (Choice C) is a routine nursing action and is not directly related to the immediate safety concern of checking the client's gag and swallow reflexes post-gastroscopy.
4. What is the triangular space lying between the vaginal and rectal canals?
- A. Pelvic floor
- B. Perineum
- C. Vestibule
- D. Perineal body
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Perineum. The perineum is the triangular space located between the vaginal and rectal canals. It is a region containing various muscles, nerves, and blood vessels that support the pelvic floor. Choice A, Pelvic floor, refers to the structure supporting the organs in the pelvic cavity, not the space between the vaginal and rectal canals. Choice C, Vestibule, is the space within the labia minora containing the openings of the urethra and vagina, not the area between the vaginal and rectal canals. Choice D, Perineal body, is a fibromuscular mass in the perineum area but not the space between the vaginal and rectal canals.
5. A client with a history of hypertension is admitted with a blood pressure of 200/110 mmHg. Which intervention should the nurse implement first?
- A. Administer an antihypertensive medication as prescribed.
- B. Monitor the client's urine output.
- C. Administer oxygen therapy as prescribed.
- D. Obtain an arterial blood gas (ABG) sample.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is to obtain an arterial blood gas (ABG) sample. In a client with severe hypertension, it is essential to assess for metabolic or respiratory acidosis which can be done through an ABG sample. Administering antihypertensive medication without assessing the acid-base status of the client can lead to potential complications. Monitoring urine output and administering oxygen therapy are important interventions but are not the priority in this situation where the focus should be on assessing acidosis.