Nursing Elites

1. Which of the following organelles is known as the cell's digestion center?

• A. Chloroplasts
• B. Mitochondria
• C. Lysosomes
• D. Ribosomes

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Lysosomes. Lysosomes contain enzymes that break down waste materials and cellular debris within the cell, making them the cell's digestion center. Choice A, Chloroplasts, are responsible for photosynthesis. Choice B, Mitochondria, are the powerhouse of the cell, generating energy. Choice D, Ribosomes, are involved in protein synthesis. Therefore, Lysosomes are specifically known for their role in digestion within the cell.

2. The cellular membrane contributes to all except which of the following?

• A. Cell energy production
• B. Cell permeability
• C. Cell communication
• D. Cell protection

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The cellular membrane is involved in regulating cell permeability, communication, and protection. However, it is not directly involved in energy production. Choice A is the correct answer because the cellular membrane does not produce energy; instead, it regulates the passage of molecules in and out of the cell. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the cell membrane plays key roles in controlling what enters and exits the cell, facilitating communication between cells, and providing structural support and protection to the cell.

3. Which of the following organelles is the site of cellular respiration?

• A. Nucleus
• B. Mitochondria
• C. Lysosomes
• D. Ribosomes

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mitochondria. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they generate most of the cell's supply of ATP through cellular respiration. The other organelles listed, such as the nucleus (choice A), lysosomes (choice C), and ribosomes (choice D), do not play a direct role in cellular respiration. The nucleus contains genetic material, lysosomes are involved in digestion and waste removal, and ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.

4. Which of the following provides support and shape to the cell?

• A. Microtubules
• B. Microfilaments
• C. Cilia
• D. Microvilli

Correct answer: A

Rationale: Microtubules are fundamental components of the cytoskeleton in a cell, playing a crucial role in providing structural support and maintaining the cell's shape. They are composed of tubulin protein subunits and are involved in various cellular processes like cell division, intracellular transport, and cell motility. Microfilaments, on the other hand, are involved in cell movement and maintaining cell shape but are not primarily responsible for supporting the cell's overall structure. Cilia and microvilli are cellular projections that aid in movement and absorption, respectively, but they do not play a significant role in providing structural support to the cell.

5. What cell structure is responsible for efficiently packaging DNA into a small volume to fit into the nucleus of a cell and protect the DNA structure and sequence?

• A. Golgi apparatus
• B. Chromatin
• C. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
• D. Mitochondria

Correct answer: B

Rationale: Chromatin is the correct answer. Chromatin is responsible for packaging DNA into a more compact, dense structure to fit into the nucleus and protect the DNA. The Golgi apparatus is involved in processing and packaging proteins, not DNA. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is involved in lipid metabolism and detoxification. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell responsible for energy production, not DNA packaging.

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