HESI RN
Biology Practice Test
1. Which of the following organelles is the site of cellular respiration?
- A. Nucleus
- B. Mitochondria
- C. Lysosomes
- D. Ribosomes
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Mitochondria. Mitochondria are known as the powerhouse of the cell because they generate most of the cell's supply of ATP through cellular respiration. The other organelles listed, such as the nucleus (choice A), lysosomes (choice C), and ribosomes (choice D), do not play a direct role in cellular respiration. The nucleus contains genetic material, lysosomes are involved in digestion and waste removal, and ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.
2. The nurse is planning care for a client receiving chemotherapy. Which intervention should the nurse include to manage the client's nausea?
- A. Administer an antiemetic before meals
- B. Provide frequent mouth care
- C. Encourage small, frequent meals
- D. Offer clear liquids
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Administering an antiemetic before meals is a crucial intervention to manage chemotherapy-induced nausea. Antiemetics help prevent or reduce nausea and vomiting associated with chemotherapy. Providing frequent mouth care (choice B) is important for managing oral mucositis but not specifically for nausea. Encouraging small, frequent meals (choice C) and offering clear liquids (choice D) are beneficial strategies for managing gastrointestinal side effects but may not be as effective in controlling nausea as administering antiemetics.
3. When assessing constipation in elders, what action should be the nurse's priority?
- A. Obtain a complete blood count
- B. Obtain a health and dietary history
- C. Refer to a provider for a physical examination
- D. Measure height and weight
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Obtaining a detailed health and dietary history is crucial when assessing constipation in elders. This helps the nurse identify potential causes such as inadequate fluid intake, low fiber diet, lack of physical activity, or medications that could be contributing to constipation. A complete blood count (Choice A) is not the priority in the initial assessment of constipation. Referring to a provider for a physical examination (Choice C) would be done after gathering more information from the health history. Measuring height and weight (Choice D) is not directly relevant to assessing constipation and identifying its causes.
4. The nurse teaches an adolescent male client how to use a metered dose inhaler. What instruction should the nurse provide?
- A. Secure the mouthpiece under the tongue.
- B. Press down on the device after breathing in fully.
- C. Move the device one to two inches away from the mouth.
- D. Breathe out slowly and deeply while compressing the device.
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct instruction for using a metered dose inhaler is to move the device one to two inches away from the mouth. This distance helps ensure effective delivery of the medication directly to the airways. Choice A is incorrect as the mouthpiece should be placed between the lips, not under the tongue. Choice B is incorrect because the device should be pressed down before breathing in, not after. Choice D is wrong because the patient should breathe out fully before using the inhaler, not while compressing the device.
5. In the hierarchical organizational system, which of these is the most restrictive category?
- A. Genus
- B. Class
- C. Kingdom
- D. Species
Correct answer: D
Rationale: In the biological classification hierarchy, species is the most specific level, defining individual organisms that can interbreed. While genus, class, and kingdom are also categories in the hierarchy, they are broader and encompass a wider range of organisms compared to species. Genus groups together similar species, class groups similar orders, and kingdom is the broadest category grouping together similar phyla.