Nursing Elites

1. What information should be reinforced with the parents of a school-aged child about Reye's syndrome?

• A. Vaccinate your child before the age of 7 against Reye's syndrome.
• B. Keep the child at home for 2 days after the symptoms appear.
• C. Avoid giving any medication containing aspirin during a viral illness.
• D. Do not provide any citrus juices during a bacterial or viral illness.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'Avoid giving any medication containing aspirin during a viral illness.' It is crucial to advise parents to avoid giving any medication containing aspirin during a viral illness to prevent Reye's syndrome. Reye's syndrome is a rare but serious condition linked to the use of aspirin during viral illnesses in children and teenagers. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because vaccinating against Reye's syndrome is not applicable as there is no specific vaccine for it, keeping the child at home for 2 days after symptoms appear is not a preventive measure for Reye's syndrome, and avoiding citrus juices is not directly related to the prevention of Reye's syndrome.

2. The nurse finds a 6-month-old infant unresponsive and calls for help. After opening the airway and finding the XXXX, the infant is still not breathing. What action should the nurse take next?

• A. Palpate the femoral pulse and check for regularity.
• B. Deliver cycles of 30 chest compressions and 2 breaths.
• C. Give two breaths that make the chest rise.
• D. Feel the carotid pulse and check for adequate breathing.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In a scenario where a 6-month-old infant is unresponsive and not breathing after the airway is open, giving two breaths that make the chest rise is the appropriate action. This helps deliver oxygen to the infant's lungs and can help initiate breathing. Chest compressions are not recommended for infants as the first step in resuscitation. Checking pulses like the femoral or carotid pulse is not the priority when an infant is not breathing, as providing oxygen through breaths is essential.

3. During a well-baby check, the nurse hides a block under the baby's blanket, and the baby looks for the block. Which normal growth and development milestone is the baby developing?

• A. Separation anxiety.
• B. Associative play.
• C. Object prehension.
• D. Object permanence.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: When a baby looks for a hidden object, it demonstrates the development of object permanence. This milestone is significant as it signifies the baby's understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are not visible. It is a crucial aspect of cognitive development in infancy. Choice A, separation anxiety, refers to distress when separated from a primary caregiver and is not demonstrated in this scenario. Choice B, associative play, involves interactive play with others and is not relevant to object search. Choice C, object prehension, refers to the ability to grasp and hold objects, which is not specifically demonstrated by looking for a hidden object in this context.

4. A 2-year-old boy begins to cry when the mother starts to leave. What is the nurse's best response in this situation?

• A. Let me read this book to you.
• B. Two years old usually stop crying the minute the parent leaves.
• C. Now be a big boy. Mommy will be back soon.
• D. Let's wave bye-bye to mommy.

Correct answer: D

Rationale: Waving bye-bye to mommy helps the child understand that the separation is temporary.

5. The mother of a 4-month-old asks the nurse for advice in preventing diaper rash. What suggestion should the nurse provide?

• A. At diaper change generously powder the baby's diaper area with talcum powder to promote dryness.
• B. Wash the diaper area every 2 hours with soap and water to help prevent skin breakdown.
• C. Use a barrier cream, such as zinc oxide, which does not have to be completely removed with each diaper change.
• D. Place a cloth diaper inside the disposable diaper for overnight periods when increased wearing time is likely.

Correct answer: C

Rationale: Using a barrier cream like zinc oxide protects the skin and helps prevent diaper rash.

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