HESI RN
HESI Nutrition Proctored Exam Quizlet
1. The nurse is planning care for a client with a CVA. Which of the following measures planned by the nurse would be most effective in preventing skin breakdown?
- A. Place the client in the wheelchair for four hours each day
- B. Pad the bony prominences
- C. Reposition every two hours
- D. Massage reddened bony prominence
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Repositioning every two hours is the most effective measure in preventing skin breakdown for a client with a CVA. This practice helps to relieve pressure on the skin, reducing the risk of pressure ulcers. Placing the client in a wheelchair for extended periods (Choice A) can increase pressure on specific areas, leading to skin breakdown. Padding bony prominences (Choice B) can provide some protection but may not address the root cause of pressure ulcers. Massaging reddened bony prominences (Choice D) can potentially worsen the condition by causing further damage to already compromised skin.
2. When caring for a client with a tracheostomy, which action should the nurse take first when performing tracheostomy care?
- A. Remove the inner cannula.
- B. Clean the stoma with normal saline.
- C. Change the tracheostomy ties.
- D. Suction the tracheostomy.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Suctioning the tracheostomy is the priority action because it ensures a patent airway before proceeding with any other tracheostomy care interventions. This step helps clear secretions and maintain airway patency, which is crucial for the client's respiratory status. Removing the inner cannula, cleaning the stoma, or changing the tracheostomy ties can follow once the airway is clear. Therefore, options A, B, and C are secondary actions compared to suctioning the tracheostomy.
3. A client newly diagnosed with DM asks a nurse why it is necessary to monitor blood glucose levels so often. The nurse's best response would be:
- A. It helps to adjust insulin doses more precisely.
- B. It helps to prevent complications of diabetes.
- C. It helps to identify the best diet for you.
- D. It helps to reduce the need for medications.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Monitoring blood glucose levels frequently is crucial for preventing complications in diabetes. By keeping a close eye on blood glucose levels, healthcare providers can intervene in a timely manner if levels are out of range, thus reducing the risk of long-term complications such as nerve damage, kidney disease, and vision problems. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because while monitoring blood glucose levels may indirectly contribute to adjusting insulin doses, identifying the best diet, and reducing the need for medications, the primary purpose is to prevent complications through timely interventions.
4. A client with hypothyroidism is prescribed levothyroxine. What assessment finding suggests the medication dosage is too high?
- A. Increased sensitivity to cold.
- B. Increased heart rate and palpitations.
- C. Improved energy levels.
- D. Improved tolerance to heat.
Correct answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Increased heart rate and palpitations. When a client with hypothyroidism is prescribed levothyroxine, these symptoms may indicate that the dosage is too high, causing the client to develop hyperthyroidism. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. Increased sensitivity to cold is a symptom of hypothyroidism, improved energy levels are an expected outcome of levothyroxine therapy for hypothyroidism, and improved tolerance to heat is not a common sign of levothyroxine overdose.
5. To reduce the risk of being named in a malpractice lawsuit, which action is most important for the nurse to take?
- A. Adhere consistently to standards of care.
- B. Thoroughly document all client interactions.
- C. Build a good rapport with clients.
- D. Work closely with the healthcare team.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Adhering consistently to standards of care is crucial for nurses to reduce the risk of being named in a malpractice lawsuit. Following established protocols and guidelines ensures that the care provided is safe and effective. Thoroughly documenting all client interactions is also essential to support the care provided and to have a record of the interventions. Building a good rapport with clients is important for communication and trust but does not directly reduce the risk of malpractice. Working closely with the healthcare team is valuable for collaboration but might not directly impact the risk of malpractice unless it relates to following standards of care.