HESI RN
HESI Nutrition Proctored Exam Quizlet
1. The nurse is caring for a client undergoing the placement of a central venous catheter line. Which of the following would require the nurse's immediate attention?
- A. Pallor
- B. Increased temperature
- C. Dyspnea
- D. Involuntary muscle spasms
Correct answer: C
Rationale: Dyspnea indicates a potential complication such as pneumothorax or incorrect catheter placement, requiring immediate attention. Pallor may indicate anemia but is not as urgent as dyspnea in this context. Increased temperature could be a sign of infection but is not as critical as respiratory distress. Involuntary muscle spasms are not directly related to central venous catheter placement and are of lower priority compared to respiratory issues.
2. A client with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) who is beginning oxygen therapy asks the nurse why the flow rate cannot be increased to more than 2 L/min. The nurse responds that this would be harmful because it could:
- A. Be drying to nasal passages
- B. Decrease the client’s oxygen-based respiratory drive
- C. Increase the risk of pneumonia due to drier air passages
- D. Decrease the client’s carbon dioxide–based respiratory drive
Correct answer: B
Rationale: Increasing the oxygen flow rate beyond 2 L/min for a client with COPD can decrease the client's oxygen-based respiratory drive. In clients with COPD, the natural respiratory drive is based on the level of oxygen instead of carbon dioxide, as seen in healthy individuals. Increasing the oxygen level independently can suppress the drive to breathe, leading to respiratory failure. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because drying of nasal passages, increased risk of pneumonia due to drier air passages, and decreasing the carbon dioxide-based respiratory drive are not the primary concerns associated with increasing the oxygen flow rate in a client with COPD.
3. In which step of cellular respiration is the most adenosine triphosphate (ATP) created?
- A. Electron transport chain
- B. Glycolysis
- C. Citric acid cycle (the Krebs cycle)
- D. All of these produce equal amounts of ATP
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The electron transport chain is the step in cellular respiration that generates the most ATP. During this step, up to 34 ATP molecules can be produced from a single glucose molecule. Choice B, Glycolysis, produces a smaller amount of ATP (2 ATP molecules per glucose), and choice C, Citric acid cycle, produces some ATP but not as much as the electron transport chain. Choice D is incorrect because different steps of cellular respiration produce varying amounts of ATP, with the electron transport chain being the most efficient in ATP generation.
4. A client with hypothyroidism is prescribed levothyroxine. What instruction should the nurse provide?
- A. Take the medication in the morning before eating.
- B. Take the medication with a full glass of water.
- C. Take the medication with food to avoid nausea.
- D. Take the medication only when symptoms worsen.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 'Take the medication in the morning before eating.' Levothyroxine should be taken on an empty stomach in the morning for optimal absorption. Choice B is incorrect because while taking medication with water is generally recommended, levothyroxine specifically needs to be taken on an empty stomach. Choice C is incorrect as taking levothyroxine with food can interfere with its absorption. Choice D is incorrect as levothyroxine should be taken regularly as prescribed, not only when symptoms worsen.
5. A community health nurse is addressing the issue of substance abuse in the community. Which intervention should be prioritized?
- A. Providing education on the dangers of substance abuse
- B. Setting up a support group for individuals struggling with addiction
- C. Partnering with local law enforcement to reduce drug availability
- D. Creating a confidential hotline for reporting substance abuse
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Creating a confidential hotline for reporting substance abuse should be prioritized because it offers a safe and accessible way for individuals to seek help and support for their substance abuse issues. This intervention allows individuals to report their concerns anonymously and seek guidance without fear of judgment or repercussions. Providing education on the dangers of substance abuse (Choice A) is important but may not be as immediately impactful as offering a direct avenue for help. Setting up a support group (Choice B) is valuable but may not reach as many individuals or provide the same level of anonymity as a confidential hotline. Partnering with law enforcement (Choice C) is crucial for addressing substance abuse issues from a legal perspective but may not directly address the immediate needs of individuals seeking help.