HESI RN
HESI RN Exit Exam
1. The home health nurse is preparing to make daily visits to a group of clients. Which client should the nurse visit first?
- A. A client with congestive heart failure who reports a 3-pound weight gain in the last two days
- B. A client with a healing surgical wound
- C. A client requiring wound dressing change
- D. A client with stable vital signs needing medication administration
Correct answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. A 3-pound weight gain in two days indicates fluid retention and worsening heart failure, which requires immediate assessment. This could be a sign of decompensation in the client's condition, necessitating prompt evaluation and intervention. Choices B, C, and D do not present an immediate threat to the client's health and can be addressed after assessing the client with congestive heart failure.
2. Which nursing intervention has the highest priority for a multigravida who delivered twins and is at risk for postpartum hemorrhage?
- A. Maintain cold packs on the perineum for 24 hours.
- B. Assess the client's pain level frequently.
- C. Observe for appropriate interaction with the infants.
- D. Assess fundal tone and lochia flow.
Correct answer: D
Rationale: Assessing fundal tone and lochia flow is crucial in the early detection and prevention of postpartum hemorrhage. Fundal tone helps identify uterine atony, a common cause of postpartum hemorrhage, while monitoring lochia flow can indicate excessive bleeding. Cold packs on the perineum, although helpful for pain and swelling, are not the priority in this situation. Pain assessment and observing interactions with infants are important but secondary to assessing for signs of postpartum hemorrhage.
3. The nurse is caring for a client with a history of myocardial infarction who is experiencing chest pain. Which intervention should the nurse implement first?
- A. Administer oxygen therapy as prescribed.
- B. Obtain an electrocardiogram (ECG).
- C. Administer nitroglycerin sublingually as prescribed.
- D. Administer aspirin as prescribed.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Administering oxygen therapy is the priority intervention in managing chest pain in a client with a history of myocardial infarction. Oxygen helps improve oxygenation to the heart muscle, which is crucial in reducing further damage. Obtaining an electrocardiogram (ECG) is important to assess for changes indicative of myocardial infarction, but providing oxygen takes precedence as it directly addresses the physiological need for oxygen. Administering nitroglycerin and aspirin are important interventions but are typically implemented after oxygen therapy to address vasodilation and antiplatelet effects, respectively.
4. A male client with cancer who has lost 10 pounds during the last months tells the nurse that beef, chicken, and eggs, which used to be his favorite foods, now taste 'bitter'. He complains that he simply has no appetite. What action should the nurse implement?
- A. Suggest the use of alternative sources of protein such as dairy products and nuts.
- B. Encourage the client to eat smaller, more frequent meals.
- C. Offer nutritional supplements between meals.
- D. Discuss the possibility of appetite stimulants with the healthcare provider.
Correct answer: A
Rationale: Offering alternative protein sources like dairy products and nuts can help maintain nutrition when the client finds certain foods unpalatable, as in this case where beef, chicken, and eggs taste 'bitter'. Encouraging smaller, more frequent meals may not address the issue of unpalatable foods. Offering nutritional supplements between meals may not specifically address the problem of protein intake. Discussing appetite stimulants should be considered after exploring less invasive options first.
5. A client with cirrhosis is admitted with ascites and jaundice. Which clinical finding is most concerning?
- A. Peripheral edema
- B. Increased abdominal girth
- C. Confusion and altered mental status
- D. Yellowing of the skin
Correct answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Confusion and altered mental status are the most concerning clinical findings in a client with cirrhosis because they may indicate hepatic encephalopathy, a serious complication that requires immediate intervention. Peripheral edema (choice A) and increased abdominal girth (choice B) are common manifestations of cirrhosis but are not as acutely concerning as signs of hepatic encephalopathy. Yellowing of the skin (choice D) is due to jaundice, which is already present in the client and does not directly indicate a worsening condition like confusion and altered mental status.
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