Nursing Elites

1. The cellular membrane contributes to all except which of the following?

• A. Cell energy production
• B. Cell permeability
• C. Cell communication
• D. Cell protection

Correct answer: A

Rationale: The cellular membrane is involved in regulating cell permeability, communication, and protection. However, it is not directly involved in energy production. Choice A is the correct answer because the cellular membrane does not produce energy; instead, it regulates the passage of molecules in and out of the cell. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because the cell membrane plays key roles in controlling what enters and exits the cell, facilitating communication between cells, and providing structural support and protection to the cell.

2. In the hierarchy of biology, cells combine to form which of the following?

• A. Macromolecules
• B. Molecules
• C. Tissues
• D. Organelles

Correct answer: C

Rationale: In the hierarchy of biology, cells combine to form tissues. Tissues are groups of cells that work together to perform specific functions. This is a fundamental level of organization above individual cells but below organs and organ systems. Macromolecules and molecules are smaller components that make up cells, not what cells combine to form. Organelles are structures within cells that perform specific functions and do not result from the combination of cells.

3. During which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes gather on either side of the separating cell?

• A. Metaphase
• B. Telophase
• C. Anaphase
• D. Prophase

Correct answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Telophase. During telophase, the chromosomes gather at opposite poles of the cell as the nuclear envelopes start to form around them, indicating the end of cell division. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because during metaphase, the chromosomes align in the middle of the cell; in anaphase, the chromosomes separate and move towards opposite poles; and in prophase, the chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope breaks down, respectively.

4. Which of the following is not found in a prokaryotic cell?

• A. Plasma membrane
• B. Cytoplasm
• C. Nucleus
• D. Ribosomes

Correct answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C, 'Nucleus.' Prokaryotic cells do not have a defined nucleus, unlike eukaryotic cells. The plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and ribosomes are all components found in prokaryotic cells. The plasma membrane surrounds the cell and regulates what enters and exits, the cytoplasm is the gel-like substance that fills the cell, and ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.

5. Protein synthesis begins with a process known as transcription. Where does this process occur?

• A. In the cytoplasm
• B. In the nuclear envelope
• C. In the ribosome unit
• D. In the nucleus

Correct answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: In the nucleus. Transcription, the initial step of protein synthesis, takes place in the nucleus where DNA is transcribed into mRNA. This mRNA then leaves the nucleus and enters the cytoplasm where translation occurs on the ribosomes. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because transcription specifically occurs in the nucleus, not in the cytoplasm, nuclear envelope, or ribosome unit.

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